{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:25:19Z","timestamp":1791833119422,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Injection drug use (IDU) following treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may lead to reinfection, particularly if access to harm reduction services is suboptimal. This study assessed HCV reinfection risk following direct-acting antiviral therapy within Australian prisons that had opioid agonist therapy (OAT) programs but did not have needle and syringe programs (NSPs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Surveillance and Treatment of Prisoners With Hepatitis C (SToP-C) study enrolled people incarcerated in 4 prisons between 2014 and 2019. Participants treated for HCV were followed every 3\u20136 months to identify reinfection (confirmed by sequencing). Reinfection incidence and associated factors were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 388 participants receiving treatment, 161 had available posttreatment follow-up and were included in analysis (92% male; median age, 33 years; 67% IDU in prison; median follow-up 9 months). Among those with recent (in the past month) IDU (n\u2005=\u200571), 90% had receptive needle\/syringe sharing. During 145 person-years (PY) of follow-up, 18 cases of reinfection were identified. Reinfection incidence was 12.5\/100 PY (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.9\u201319.8) overall, increasing to 28.7\/100 PY (95% CI: 16.3\u201350.6) among those with recent IDU and needle\/syringe sharing. In adjusted analysis, recent IDU with needle\/syringe sharing was associated with increased reinfection risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 4.74 [95% CI: 1.33\u201316.80]; P = .016) and longer HCV testing interval with decreased risk (ie, chance of detection; aHR, 0.41 per each month increase [95% CI: .26\u2013.64]; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A high rate of HCV reinfection was observed within prison. Posttreatment surveillance and retreatment are \u00adessential to limit the impact of reinfection. High-coverage OAT and NSPs should be considered within prisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT02064049<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T07:29:50Z","timestamp":1648538990000},"page":"1809-1819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection Following Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment in the Prison Setting: The SToP-C Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8043-0200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne M","family":"Carson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory 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