{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T05:26:39Z","timestamp":1775453199255,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CO-US-232-1804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CO-US-232-1804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["APP149990"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP149990"]}]},{"name":"National Health Medical Research Council","award":["1135851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1135851"]}]},{"name":"National Health Medical Research Council","award":["APP 1092160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP 1092160"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009781","name":"Australian Centre for HIV and Hepatitis Virology Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Identifying factors that determine the frequency of latently infected CD4+\u2005T cells on antiretroviral therapy (ART) may inform strategies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure. We investigated the role of CD4+ count at ART initiation for HIV persistence on ART.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among participants of the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment Study, we enrolled people with HIV (PWH) who initiated ART with CD4+\u2005T-cell counts of 500\u2013599, 600\u2013799, or\u2005\u2265\u2005800 cells\/mm3. After 36\u201344 months on ART, the levels of total HIV-DNA, cell-associated unspliced HIV-RNA (CA-US HIV-RNA), and two-long terminal repeat HIV-DNA in CD4+\u2005T cells were quantified and plasma HIV-RNA was measured by single-copy assay. We measured T-cell expression of Human Leucocyte Antigen-DR Isotype (HLA-DR), programmed death-1, and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (pSTAT5). Virological and immunological measures were compared across CD4+\u2005strata.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We enrolled 146 PWH, 36 in the 500\u2013599, 60 in the 600\u2013799, and 50 in the\u2005\u2265\u2005800 CD4 strata. After 36\u201344 months of ART, total HIV-DNA, plasma HIV-RNA, and HLA-DR expression were significantly lower in PWH with CD4+\u2005T-cell count\u2005\u2265\u2005800 cells\/mm3 at ART initiation compared with 600\u2013799 or 500\u2013599 cells\/mm3. The median level of HIV-DNA after 36\u201344 months of ART was lower by 75% in participants initiating ART with\u2005\u2265\u2005800 vs 500\u2013599 cells\/mm3 (median [interquartile range]: 16.3 [7.0\u2013117.6] vs 68.4 [13.7\u2013213.1] copies\/million cells, respectively). Higher pSTAT5 expression significantly correlated with lower levels of HIV-DNA and CA-US HIV-RNA. Virological measures were significantly lower in females.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Initiating ART with a CD4+\u2005count\u2005\u2265\u2005800 cells\/mm3 compared with 600\u2013799 or 500\u2013599 cells\/mm3 was associated with achieving a substantially smaller HIV reservoir on ART.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T08:12:08Z","timestamp":1649491928000},"page":"1781-1791","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antiretroviral Initiation at \u2265800 CD4+ Cells\/mm3 Associated With Lower Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reservoir Size"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Thomas A","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil K","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Locadiah","family":"Kuwanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Vjecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Research, Inc., Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Washington D.C. , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fleur","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Clinical 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Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Auberson-Munderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNAIDS, HIV Prevention , Geneva , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Mugerwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Clinical Research Centre , Entebbe , Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South 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Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Lutaakome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, HIV Intervention Programme , Entebbe , Uganda"},{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute\/MRC , Entebbe , Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Kitonsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, HIV Intervention Programme , Entebbe , Uganda"},{"name":"Uganda Virus Research Institute\/MRC , Entebbe , Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Kabaswaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Clinical Research Centre , Entebbe , Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Pala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunova Limited , London , United 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