{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:48:31Z","timestamp":1788306511940,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The unprovoked aggression of Russian military forces on Ukraine in February 2022 has caused a high influx of refugees, including children, to neighboring countries, particularly Poland. This caused additional pressures on the healthcare system and the need to meet challenges for public health, such as those related to infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the potential epidemiological risks associated with the war-induced influx of refugees (coronavirus disease 2019, measles, pertussis, tetanus, and poliomyelitis) and highlight the need for their swift management through institutional support, educational campaigns, counteracting antiscience misinformation, and pursuing vaccinations of refugees but also improving or maintaining good levels of immunization in populations of countries welcoming them. These are necessary actions to avoid overlapping of war and infectious diseases and associated public health challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T11:18:09Z","timestamp":1649935089000},"page":"1103-1108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Vaccination of Ukrainian Refugees: Need for Urgent Action"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Rzymski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Pozna\u0144 , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halina","family":"Falfushynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedagogy and Physical Therapy, Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University , Ternopil , Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Fal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collegium Medicum, Warsaw Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszy\u0144ski University , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11807-1","article-title":"Deadly comrades: war and infectious diseases","volume":"360","author":"Connolly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B2","volume-title":"Situation Ukraine refugee situation"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2021.05.009","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy in migrant communities: a rapid review of latest evidence","volume":"71","author":"Tankwanchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304567","article-title":"Weaponized health communication: Twitter bots and Russian trolls amplify the vaccine debate","volume":"108","author":"Broniatowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A02","DOI":"10.22323\/2.19050202","article-title":"The landscape of disinformation on health crisis communication during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine: hybrid warfare tactics, fake media news and review of evidence","volume":"19","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sci Commun"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5252","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27091","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine: an update on the status of vaccination and the challenges at hand","volume":"93","author":"Matiashova","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B7","author":"Ritchie","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B8","volume-title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00156-0","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine","volume":"21","author":"Holt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B10","volume-title":"Ukraine\u2019s booming black market in fake COVID vaccination certificates","author":"Current Time","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100365","article-title":"War in Ukraine and the challenges it brings to the Polish healthcare system","volume":"15","author":"Kardas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Regional Health - Europe"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B12","article-title":"Seasonal variation in SARS-CoV-2 transmission in temperate climates","author":"Gaven\u010diak","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10030437","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination and rates of infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths in the European Economic Area during autumn 2021 wave of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"10","author":"Sikora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02004-3","article-title":"Measles","volume":"399","author":"H\u00fcbschen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B15","volume-title":"WHO immunization data portal"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B16","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-018-0504-y","article-title":"Mandatory vaccinations in European countries, undocumented information, false news and the impact on vaccination uptake: the position of the Italian pediatric society","volume":"44","author":"Bozzola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30390-0","article-title":"An update of the global burden of pertussis in children younger than 5 years: a modelling study","volume":"17","author":"Yeung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00864-07","article-title":"Bordetella pertussis strains circulating in Europe in 1999 to 2004 as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis","volume":"45","author":"Hallander","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a029454","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029454","article-title":"What is wrong with pertussis vaccine immunity? The problem of waning effectiveness of pertussis vaccines","volume":"9","author":"Burdin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000160708.43944.99","article-title":"Epidemiology of pertussis","volume":"24","author":"Tan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.02.006","article-title":"Diphtheria and tetanus seroepidemiology among children in Ukraine, 2017","volume":"40","author":"Khetsuriani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B23","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Wolbert","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7034a1","article-title":"Progress toward polio eradication - worldwide, January 2019-June 2021","volume":"70","author":"Bigouette","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.04.036","article-title":"Responding to a cVDPV1 outbreak in Ukraine: implications, challenges and opportunities","volume":"35","author":"Khetsuriani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B26","volume-title":"UNICEF welcomes Ukraine\u2019s plan to stop polio outbreak [EN\/UK] - Ukraine"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B27","volume-title":"Ukraine"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(92)90327-G","article-title":"The concept of herd immunity and the design of community-based immunization programmes","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B29","volume-title":"\u041b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430","author":"Fal","year":"2022"},{"key":"2022120516505445800_ciac276-B30","volume-title":"COVID-19 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0454\u0440 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e","author":"Fal","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac276\/43922223\/ciac276.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/6\/1103\/47589385\/ciac276.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/6\/1103\/47589385\/ciac276.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T20:07:59Z","timestamp":1670270879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/75\/6\/1103\/6569707"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac276","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]]}}}