{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:16:55Z","timestamp":1787008615441,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Canadian coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunization strategy deferred second doses and allowed mixed schedules. We compared 2-dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) by vaccine type (mRNA and\/or ChAdOx1), interval between doses, and time since second dose in 2 of Canada\u2019s larger provinces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two-dose VE against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or hospitalization among adults \u226518 years, including due to Alpha, Gamma, and Delta variants of concern (VOCs), was assessed \u226514 days postvaccination by test-negative design studies separately conducted in British Columbia and Quebec, Canada, between 30 May and 27 November (epi-weeks 22\u201347) 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In both provinces, all homologous or heterologous mRNA and\/or ChAdOx1 2-dose schedules were associated with \u226590% reduction in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization risk for \u22657 months. With slight decline from a peak of &amp;gt;90%, VE against infection was \u226580% for \u22656 months following homologous mRNA vaccination, lower by \u223c10% when both doses were ChAdOx1 but comparably high following heterologous ChAdOx1 + mRNA receipt. Findings were similar by age group, sex, and VOC. VE was significantly higher with longer 7\u20138-week versus manufacturer-specified 3\u20134-week intervals between mRNA doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two doses of any mRNA and\/or ChAdOx1 combination gave substantial and sustained protection against SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization, spanning Delta-dominant circulation. ChAdOx1 VE against infection was improved by heterologous mRNA series completion. A 7\u20138-week interval between first and second doses improved mRNA VE and may be the optimal schedule outside periods of intense epidemic surge. Findings support interchangeability and extended intervals between SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses, with potential global implications for low-coverage areas and, going forward, for children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T07:18:09Z","timestamp":1649920689000},"page":"1980-1992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Two-Dose Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Effectiveness With Mixed Schedules and Extended Dosing Intervals: Test-Negative Design Studies From British Columbia and Quebec, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Danuta M","family":"Skowronski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Centre for Disease Control, Communicable Diseases and Immunization Services , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada"},{"name":"University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yossi","family":"Febriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manale","family":"Ouakki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sante Publique du Qu\u00e9bec, Biological and Occupational Risks , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solmaz","family":"Setayeshgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Centre for Disease Control, Communicable Diseases and Immunization Services , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiraz","family":"El Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Centre for Disease Control, 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of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Tyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Centre for Disease Control, Public Health Laboratory , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodica","family":"Gilca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"},{"name":"Institut National de Sante Publique du Qu\u00e9bec, Biological and Occupational Risks , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"},{"name":"Laval University, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Brousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire 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