{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T09:20:14Z","timestamp":1768987214565,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) causes considerable morbidity and mortality and requires comprehensive assessment for metastatic infection. The roles of routine imaging beyond echocardiography in SAB, including 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET\/CT), remain contentious. We performed a literature review of studies reporting impact of 18F-FDG-PET\/CT on the clinical management or outcomes of SAB published through 1 March 2022. We identified 7 observational studies in which 18F-FDG-PET\/CT frequently identified metastatic foci of infection, revealed foci undetected by prior investigations, led to additional source control procedures, and was associated with fewer infection relapses and lower mortality. Calculated numbers needed to treat for receipt of 18F-FDG-PET\/CT were 7\u20139 to change antimicrobial therapy, 10\u201327 to lead to an additional source control procedure, and 4\u20138 to prevent death. These data are comparable to the evidence for clinical impact of other diagnostic modalities accepted as standard of care in SAB, and form a compelling basis for advocacy to expand access to 18F-FDG-PET\/CT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T11:08:25Z","timestamp":1651921705000},"page":"1457-1461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evidence of Clinical Impact Supports a New Petition for Medicare Coverage of 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography\/Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i> Bacteremia: A Focused Literature Review and Call to Action"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Thottacherry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6302-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicol\u00e1s W","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Penfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6809e1","article-title":"Vital signs: epidemiology and recent trends in methicillin-resistant and in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections\u2014United States","volume":"68","author":"Kourtis","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1392039","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and endocarditis - epidemiology and outcome: a review","volume":"50","author":"Asgeirsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq146","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0000000000000350","article-title":"Predictive factors for metastatic infection in patients with bacteremia caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"349","author":"Horino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2511081300","article-title":"Whole-body PET\/CT scanning: estimation of radiation dose and cancer risk","volume":"251","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.427","article-title":"Radiation dose associated with common computed tomography examinations and the associated lifetime attributable risk of cancer","volume":"169","author":"Smith-Bindman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000296","article-title":"Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association","volume":"132","author":"Baddour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.109.072371","article-title":"18F-FDG PET\/CT for detection of metastatic infection in gram-positive bacteremia","volume":"51","author":"Vos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.191981","article-title":"(18)F-FDG PET\/CT optimizes treatment in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and is associated with reduced mortality","volume":"58","author":"Berrevoets","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-019-04289-5","article-title":"Clinical value of FDG-PET\/CT in bacteremia of unknown origin with catalase-negative gram-positive cocci or Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"46","author":"Brondserud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.221929","article-title":"(18)F-FDG PET\/CT-guided treatment duration in patients with high-risk Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a proof of principle","volume":"60","author":"Berrevoets","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2019.04.016","article-title":"Mortality in patients with high risk Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia undergoing or not PET-CT: a single center experience","volume":"25","author":"Yildiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3859","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa929","article-title":"Integration of FDG-PET\/CT in the diagnostic workup for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a prospective interventional matched-cohort study","volume":"73","author":"Ghanem-Zoubi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01740-4","article-title":"Individualizing the use of [(18)F]FDG-PET\/CT in patients with complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: experiences from a tertiary care center","volume":"50","author":"van Leerdam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002381","article-title":"FDG-PET\/CT for detecting an infection focus in patients with bloodstream infection: factors affecting diagnostic yield","volume":"44","author":"Pijl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1144","article-title":"Clinical practice variation among adult infectious disease physicians in the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.02.013","article-title":"Transthoracic echocardiography is still useful in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected infective endocarditis: evaluation of a large cohort at a tertiary referral center","volume":"89","author":"Barton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3605-7","article-title":"Are novel non-invasive imaging techniques needed in patients with suspected prosthetic heart valve endocarditis? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Habets","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2019.07.006","article-title":"Infective endocarditis: a contemporary study of microbiology, echocardiography and associated clinical outcomes at a major tertiary referral centre","volume":"29","author":"Holland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04097-y","article-title":"Forgoing transesophageal echocardiogram in selected patients with complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"40","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07273-x","article-title":"[18F]FDG-PET\/CT in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Buis","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.2.1810359","article-title":"The cost of positron emission tomography in six United States Veterans Affairs hospitals and two academic medical centers","volume":"181","author":"Berger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2022101219165147100_ciac363-B23","volume-title":"Hospital-adjusted expenses per inpatient day","author":"Kaiser Family Foundation"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac363\/43984019\/ciac363.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/8\/1457\/46468585\/ciac363.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/8\/1457\/46468585\/ciac363.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T19:17:13Z","timestamp":1665602233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/75\/8\/1457\/6583151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac363","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]}}}