{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:43:49Z","timestamp":1788799429832,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nontuberculous mycobacteria are environmental organisms that cause infections leading to chronic, debilitating pulmonary disease, among which Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common species.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We described patterns of macrolide-based multidrug antibiotic therapies for MAC pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) in US Medicare beneficiaries with bronchiectasis between January 2006 and December 2014. MAC therapy was defined as a multidrug regimen containing a macrolide plus \u22651 other drug targeting MAC-PD (rifamycin, ethambutol, fluoroquinolone, or amikacin) prescribed concomitantly for &amp;gt;28 days.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 9189 new MAC therapy users, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 74 (6 years) at the start of therapy; 75% female and 87% non-Hispanic white. A guideline-based regimen (a macrolide, ethambutol, and rifamycin, with or without amikacin) was prescribed for 51% of new MAC therapy users at treatment start, of whom 41% were continuing guideline-based therapy at 6 months, and only 18% at 12 months. Of all new MAC therapy users, by 18 months only 11% were still receiving MAC treatment, 55% had discontinued therapy, and 34% were censored owing to death or the end of the study period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, nearly half of new MAC therapy users were prescribed a non\u2013guideline-recommended macrolide-based therapy, including regimens commonly associated with promoting macrolide resistance. Treatment discontinuation was common, and once discontinued, only a few beneficiaries resumed therapy at a later time. Our study adds important data to the current literature on treatment patterns for MAC-PD among older US populations. Future research should examine treatment patterns using more contemporary data sources.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T05:57:20Z","timestamp":1653371840000},"page":"e1408-e1415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluation of <i>Mycobacterium Avium<\/i> Complex Pulmonary Disease Treatment Completion and Adherence to ATS\/IDSA Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9469-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer H","family":"Ku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University - Portland State University School of Public Health , Portland, Oregon , USA"},{"name":"Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , Pasadena, California , 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