{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:30:56Z","timestamp":1774539056870,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Systems vaccinology approaches have introduced novel tools for the evaluation of the safety profile of novel vaccine antigens by developing biomarkers of vaccine reactogenicity associated with potential adverse events. The use of such approaches may prove extremely advantageous in the context of a global pandemic where accelerated approval of new vaccine formulations for all ages is essential for the containment of the epidemic. The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had devastating effects on global health, but the emergency authorization of mRNA vaccines significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2\u2013associated morbidity and mortality. Despite their favorable safety profile in adult populations, recent reports have raised concerns about an association of the mRNA-based vaccines with acute myocarditis, predominantly among male adolescents and young adults following the second vaccine dose. Here, we review data on myocarditis epidemiology following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and describe potential mechanisms involved that may explain the sex- and age-related differences, focusing on mRNA immune reactivity. The case of vaccine-associated myocarditis highlights the need to incorporate precision vaccinology approaches for the development of safe and effective vaccines for everyone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T06:16:44Z","timestamp":1653373004000},"page":"S18-S23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Paving the Way Towards Precision Vaccinology: The Paradigm of Myocarditis After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Theano","family":"Lagousi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department \u201cMAKKA\u201d, First Department of Pediatrics, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children's Hospital, Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece"},{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children's Hospital, Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Papadatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department \u201cMAKKA\u201d, First Department of Pediatrics, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children's Hospital, Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece"},{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children's Hospital, Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Strempas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Chatzikalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vana","family":"Spoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology Research Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Department \u201cMAKKA\u201d, First Department of Pediatrics, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children's Hospital, Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece"},{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, \u201cAghia Sophia\u201d Children's Hospital, Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022081503565111400_ciac396-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590373","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.590373","article-title":"Towards precision vaccines: lessons from the second international precision vaccines conference","volume":"11","author":"Soni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front 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