{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T01:19:18Z","timestamp":1768871958805,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011541","name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DA033773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DA033773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI035039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI035039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI035040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI035040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI035041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI035041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-AI35042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-AI35042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI035043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI035043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01HL146333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01HL146333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA093373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA093373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IFNL4 genetic variants that are strongly associated with clearance of hepatitis C virus have been linked to risk of certain opportunistic infections (OIs) and cancers, including Kaposi sarcoma, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex virus infection. As the interferon (IFN) \u03bb family plays a role in response to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, IFNL4 genotype might affect risk for a wide range of OIs\/cancers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined associations between genotype for the functional IFNL4 rs368234815 polymorphism and incidence of 16 OIs\/cancers among 2310 men with human immunodeficiency virus (2038 white; 272 black) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study during 1984\u20131990. Our primary analyses used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for self-reported racial ancestry to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals, comparing participants with the genotypes that generate IFN-\u03bb4 and those with the genotype that abrogates IFN-\u03bb4. We censored follow-up at the introduction of highly effective antiretroviral therapies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found no statistically significant association between IFNL4 genotype and the incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (hazard ratio, 0.92 [95% confidence interval, .76\u20131.11]), cytomegalovirus infection (0.94 [.71\u20131.24]), herpes simplex virus infection (1.37 [.68\u20132.93]), or any other OI\/cancer. We observed consistent results using additive genetic models and after controlling for CD4 cell count through time-dependent adjustment or restriction to participants with a low CD4 cell count.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The absence of associations between IFNL4 genotype and these OIs\/cancers provides evidence that this gene does not affect the risk of disease from opportunistic pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T07:32:46Z","timestamp":1672126366000},"page":"521-527","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["No Association of <i>IFNL4<\/i> Genotype With Opportunistic Infections and Cancers Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Michelle Z","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah S","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth M","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Management Services Inc. , Calverton, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shehnaz K","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California , Davis, California , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa P","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Martinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Prokunina-Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe L","family":"Thio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Duggal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Wolinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas R","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023053118585137500_ciac447-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.033","article-title":"Human immunology through the lens of evolutionary 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