{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:34:53Z","timestamp":1785296093349,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\u2013associated fungal infections cause severe illness, but comprehensive data on disease burden are lacking. We analyzed US National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) data to characterize disease burden, temporal trends, and demographic characteristics of persons dying of fungal infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using NVSS\u2019s January 2018\u2013December 2021 Multiple Cause of Death Database, we examined numbers and age-adjusted rates (per 100 000 population) of deaths due to fungal infection by fungal pathogen, COVID-19 association, demographic characteristics, and year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Numbers and age-adjusted rates of deaths due to fungal infection increased from 2019 (n = 4833; rate, 1.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.2\u20131.3]) to 2021 (n = 7199; rate, 1.8 [1.8\u20131.8] per 100 000); of 13 121 such deaths during 2020\u20132021, 2868 (21.9%) were COVID-19 associated. Compared with non\u2013COVID-19\u2013associated deaths (n = 10 253), COVID-19\u2013associated deaths more frequently involved Candida (n = 776 [27.1%] vs n = 2432 [23.7%], respectively) and Aspergillus (n = 668 [23.3%] vs n = 1486 [14.5%]) and less frequently involved other specific fungal pathogens. Rates of death due to fungal infection were generally highest in nonwhite and non-Asian populations. Death rates from Aspergillus infections were approximately 2 times higher in the Pacific US census division compared with most other divisions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Deaths from fungal infection increased during 2020\u20132021 compared with previous years, primarily driven by COVID-19\u2013associated deaths, particularly those involving Aspergillus and Candida. Our findings may inform efforts to prevent, identify, and treat severe fungal infections in patients with COVID-19, especially in certain racial\/ethnic groups and geographic areas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T18:10:20Z","timestamp":1655662220000},"page":"e255-e262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Increased Deaths From Fungal Infections During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic\u2014National Vital Statistics System, United States, January 2020\u2013December 2021"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5054-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy A W","family":"Gold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farida B","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville , Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi A","family":"Cisewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville , Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren M","family":"Rossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville , Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro J","family":"Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Benedict","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan R","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020817074608400_ciac489-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy776","article-title":"Estimation of direct healthcare costs of fungal diseases in the United States","volume":"68","author":"Benedict","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect 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