{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:35:54Z","timestamp":1768869354506,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"},{"name":"Health@InnoHK"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003452","name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region"},{"name":"Shaw Foundation of Hong Kong"},{"name":"Charity Foundation Limited"},{"name":"Providence Foundation Limited"},{"name":"Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital"},{"name":"Hui Ming, Hui Hoy and Chow Sin Lan Charity Fund Limited"},{"name":"Chan Yin Chuen Memorial Charitable Foundation"},{"name":"Hong Kong Hainan Commercial Association South China Microbiology Research Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018338","name":"Jessie & George Ho Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Perfect Shape Medical Limited"},{"name":"Foo Oi Foundation Limited"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early antiviral therapy was effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We assessed the efficacy and safety of combined interferon beta-1b and remdesivir treatment in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a multicentre, prospective open-label, randomized-controlled trial involving high-risk adults hospitalized for COVID-19. Patients were randomly assigned to a 5-day interferon beta-1b 16 million units daily and remdesivir 200 mg loading on day 1 followed by 100 mg daily on day 2 to 5 (combination group), or to remdesivir only of similar regimen (control group) (1:1). The primary endpoint was the time to complete alleviation of symptoms (NEWS2 = 0).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two-hundred and twelve patients were enrolled. The median days of starting treatment from symptom onset was 3 days. The median age was 65 years, and 159 patients (75%) had chronic disease. The baseline demographics were similar. There was no mortality. For the primary endpoint, the combination group was significantly quicker to NEWS2 = 0 (4 vs 6.5 days; hazard ratio [HR], 6.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1\u20137.09; P &amp;lt; .0001) when compared to the control group. For the secondary endpoints, the combination group was quicker to negative nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) viral load (VL) (6 vs 8 days; HR, 8.16; 95% CI, 7.79\u20138.52; P &amp;lt; .0001) and to develop seropositive immunoglobulin G (IgG) (8 vs 10 days; HR, 10.78; 95% CI, 9.98\u201311.58; P &amp;lt; .0001). All adverse events resolved upon follow-up. Combination group (HR, 4.1 95% CI, 1.9\u20138.6, P &amp;lt; .0001) was the most significant independent factor associated with NEWS2 = 0 on day 4.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early treatment with interferon beta-1b and remdesivir was safe and better than remdesivir only in alleviating symptoms, and in shortening viral shedding and hospitalization with earlier seropositivity in high-risk COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT04647695.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T13:30:59Z","timestamp":1656423059000},"page":"e216-e226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Early Treatment of High-Risk Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients With a Combination of Interferon Beta-1b and Remdesivir: A Phase 2 Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Anthony Raymond","family":"Tam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricky Ruiqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Cheung","family":"Lung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Ruttonjee Hospital , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ka-Yi","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danlei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athene Hoi-Ying","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom Wai-Hin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyril Chik-Yan","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Ruttonjee Hospital , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan Ka-Lun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline Yeung","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai-Ming","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoi-Ping","family":"Shum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing-Wa","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasper Fuk-Woo","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent Chi-Chung","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chak-Sing","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelvin Kai-Wang","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Hung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Yung","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan Fan-Ngai","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B1","author":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30154-9","article-title":"A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster","volume":"395","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004500","article-title":"Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle Region\u2014case series","volume":"382","author":"Bhatraju","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30404-5","article-title":"Cytokine elevation in severe and critical COVID-19: a rapid systemic review, meta-analysis, and comparison with other inflammatory syndromes","volume":"8","author":"Leisman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e052777","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052777","article-title":"Diabetes, hypertension, body mass index, smoking and COVID-19 related mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"11","author":"Mahamat-Saleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31042-4","article-title":"Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial","volume":"395","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30566-X","article-title":"Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19: a phase 2, placebo-controlled randomised trial","volume":"9","author":"Feld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30511-7","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of inhaled nebulized interferon beta-1a (SNG001) for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"9","author":"Monk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007764","article-title":"Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19\u2014final report","volume":"383","author":"Beigel","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.16349","article-title":"Effect of remdesivir vs. standard care on clinical status at 11 days in patients with moderate COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"324","author":"Spinner","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2031994","article-title":"Baricitinib plus remdesivir for hospitalized adults with Covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Kalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2023184","article-title":"Repurposed antiviral drugs for Covid-19\u2014interim WHO solidarity trial results","volume":"384","author":"WHO Solidarity trial Consortium","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000521288","article-title":"Charlson comorbidity index: a critical review of clinimetric properties","volume":"91","author":"Charlson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30196-1","article-title":"Temporal profiles of viral load and antibody response during COVID-19 infection by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"20","author":"To","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.19-1-94","article-title":"The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure","volume":"19","author":"William","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2020-210624","article-title":"Prognostic value of National Early Warning Scores (NEWS2) and component physiology in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a multicentre study","author":"Scott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e192","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30483-7","article-title":"A minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research","volume":"20","author":"WHO Working Group on the Clinical Characterisation and Management of COVID-19 infection","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0502","article-title":"Comorbid chronic diseases are strongly correlated with disease severity among COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B20"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015294","article-title":"Interferon beta-1b and lopinavir-ritonavir for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome","volume":"383","author":"Arabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116846","article-title":"Early remdesivir to prevent progression to severe Covid-19 in outpatients","volume":"386","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00384-2","article-title":"Efficacy of interferon beta-1a plus remdesivir compared with remdesivir alone in hospitalized adults with COVID-19: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"9","author":"Kalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035002","article-title":"REGN-COV2, a neutralizing antibody cocktail, in outpatients with Covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Weinreich","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabl7430","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl7430","article-title":"A phase 2a clinical trial of molnupiravir in patients with COVID-19 shows accelerated SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance and elimination of infectious virus","volume":"14","author":"Fischer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.3390\/v12060628","article-title":"Broad-spectrum host-based antivirals targeting the interferon and lipogenesis pathways as potential treatment options for the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"12","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.026","article-title":"Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19","volume":"181","author":"Blanco-Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eebd4585","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd4585","article-title":"Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19","volume":"370","author":"Bastard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabl4340","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abl4340","article-title":"Autoantibodies neutralizing type 1 IFNs are present in \u223c4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for \u223c20% of COVID-19 deaths","volume":"6","author":"Bastard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12495","article-title":"Neutralizing type-I autoantibodies are associated with delayed viral clearance and intensive care unit admission in patients with COVID-19","volume":"99","author":"Abers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00633-2","article-title":"Unmet need for COVID-19 therapies in community settings","volume":"21","author":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817072342800_ciac523-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00398-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00398-20","article-title":"Hiding in plain sight: an approach to treating patients with severe COVID-19 infection","volume":"11","author":"Fedson","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac523\/45189271\/ciac523.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/76\/3\/e216\/49124905\/ciac523.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/76\/3\/e216\/49124905\/ciac523.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T17:39:34Z","timestamp":1675877974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/76\/3\/e216\/6619124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac523","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]]}}}