{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:48:49Z","timestamp":1791593329467,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cutaneous anthrax accounts for approximately 95% of anthrax cases worldwide. About 24% of untreated patients die, and many cases are complicated by meningitis. Here, we explore clinical features of cutaneous disease associated with poor outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic review identified 303 full-text articles published from 1950 through 2018 that met predefined inclusion criteria. Cases were abstracted, and descriptive analyses and univariate logistic regression were conducted to identify prognostic indicators for cutaneous anthrax.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 182 included patients, 47 (25.8%) died. Previously reported independent predictors for death or meningitis that we confirmed included fever or chills; nausea or vomiting; headache; severe headache; nonheadache, nonmeningeal signs; leukocytosis; and bacteremia. Newly identified predictors included anxiety, abdominal pain, diastolic hypotension, skin trauma, thoracic edema, malignant pustule edema, lymphadenopathy, and evidence of coagulopathy (all with P &amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified patient presentations not previously associated with poor outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T18:49:47Z","timestamp":1666032587000},"page":"S459-S467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Risk Factors for Death or Meningitis in Adults Hospitalized for Cutaneous Anthrax, 1950\u20132018: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Julie M","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, CDC Fellowship Program, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa K","family":"Person","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda E","family":"Negr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita M","family":"Traxler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6538-8665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William A","family":"Bower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4010-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Hendricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia 30333 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022113008295129900_ciac533-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0435-4","article-title":"The global distribution of Bacillus anthracis and associated anthrax risk to humans, livestock and wildlife","volume":"4","author":"Carlson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2022113008295129900_ciac533-B2","first-page":"1123","volume-title":"Infectious diseases","author":"Anthrax","year":"2017","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2022113008295129900_ciac533-B3","volume-title":"Anthrax in humans and animals","author":"World Health Organization,","year":"2008","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"2022113008295129900_ciac533-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.07.004","article-title":"A review of cutaneous anthrax and its outcome","volume":"3","author":"Doganay","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"2022113008295129900_ciac533-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815001442","article-title":"Human anthrax outbreak associated with livestock exposure: Georgia, 2012","volume":"144","author":"Navdarashvili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2022113008295129900_ciac533-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.26.3.1777","article-title":"Anthrax in animals and humans in Mongolia","volume":"26","author":"Odontsetseg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"2022113008295129900_ciac533-B7","volume-title":"Anthrax outbreaks: a warning for improved prevention, control and heightened awareness","author":"Shadomy","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022113008295129900_ciac533-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180479","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.180479","article-title":"Risk factors for human 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Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/Supplement_3\/S459\/47441712\/ciac533.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/75\/Supplement_3\/S459\/47441712\/ciac533.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T14:50:59Z","timestamp":1669819859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/75\/Supplement_3\/S459\/6762172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac533","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]}}}