{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:20:11Z","timestamp":1791890411409,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u2019s (CDC) Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity for Infectious Diseases","award":["U50CK000401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U50CK000401"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frozen foods have rarely been linked to Listeria monocytogenes illness. We describe an outbreak investigation prompted by both hospital clustering of illnesses and product testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified outbreak-associated listeriosis cases using whole-genome sequencing (WGS), product testing results, and epidemiologic linkage to cases in the same Kansas hospital. We reviewed hospital medical and dietary records, product invoices, and molecular subtyping results. Federal and state officials tested product and environmental samples for L. monocytogenes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kansas officials were investigating 5 cases of listeriosis at a single hospital when, simultaneously, unrelated sampling for a study in South Carolina identified L. monocytogenes in Company A ice cream products made in Texas. Isolates from 4 patients and Company A products were closely related by WGS, and the 4 patients with known exposures had consumed milkshakes made with Company A ice cream while hospitalized. Further testing identified L. monocytogenes in ice cream produced in a second Company A production facility in Oklahoma; these isolates were closely related by WGS to those from 5 patients in 3 other states. These 10 illnesses, involving 3 deaths, occurred from 2010 through 2015. Company A ultimately recalled all products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this US outbreak of listeriosis linked to a widely distributed brand of ice cream, WGS and product sampling helped link cases spanning 5 years to 2 production facilities, indicating longstanding contamination. Comprehensive sanitation controls and environmental and product testing for L. monocytogenes with regulatory oversight should be implemented for ice cream production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T12:27:36Z","timestamp":1657196856000},"page":"89-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["<i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    Illness and Deaths Associated With Ongoing Contamination of a Multiregional Brand of Ice Cream Products, United States, 2010\u20132015"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Amanda R","family":"Conrad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Research and Education Foundation , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"},{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheri","family":"Tubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Epidemiology and Public Health Informatics, Kansas Department of Health and Environment , Topeka, Kansas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venessa","family":"Cantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging and Acute Infectious Disease Unit, Texas Department of State Health Services , Austin, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey Martin","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Epidemiology and Public Health Informatics, Kansas Department of Health and Environment , Topeka, Kansas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Stroika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Moris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Safety and Lodging, Kansas Department of Agriculture , Manhattan, Kansas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Division, South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control , Columbia, South Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D Charles","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Epidemiology and Public Health Informatics, Kansas Department of Health and Environment , Topeka, Kansas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy K","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State Department of Health , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Kucerova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Errol","family":"Strain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Fields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration , College Park, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen P","family":"Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L Hannah","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly A","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia M","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan R","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1901.120393","article-title":"Listeriosis outbreaks and associated food vehicles, United States, 1998\u20132008","volume":"19","author":"Cartwright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B2","author":"Jackson"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2508.180761","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of listeriosis associated with packaged leafy green salads, United States and Canada, 2015\u20132016","volume":"25","author":"Self","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30521-7","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Charlier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2009.0394","article-title":"Re-evaluation, optimization, and multilaboratory validation of the PulseNet-standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for Listeria monocytogenes","volume":"7","author":"Halpin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw242","article-title":"Implementation of nationwide real-time whole-genome sequencing to enhance listeriosis outbreak detection and investigation","volume":"63","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815003039","article-title":"Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to a pasteurized ice cream product served to hospitalized patients","volume":"144","author":"Rietberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B8","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw569","article-title":"Assessment of the incubation period for invasive listeriosis","volume":"63","author":"Angelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B10","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B11","author":"Bionumerics","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B12","first-page":"764","article-title":"Recovery and growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in temperature abused milkshakes prepared from naturally contaminated ice cream linked to listeriosis outbreak","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B13","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B14","author":"Kansas Department of Health and Environment"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B15","author":"Texas Department of State Health Services"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B16","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B17","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B18","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2406.171051","article-title":"Listeriosis outbreaks associated with soft cheeses, United States, 1998\u20132014","volume":"24","author":"Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B20","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B21","author":"US Department of Justice"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1086\/498113","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of listeriosis linked to turkey deli meat and subsequent changes in US regulatory policy","volume":"42","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881500117X","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of listeriosis caused by imported cheese and evidence of cross-contamination of other cheeses, USA, 2012","volume":"144","author":"Heiman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B24","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108994","article-title":"An outbreak of human listeriosis associated with frozen sweet corn consumption: investigations in the UK","volume":"338","author":"McLauchlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B26","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B27","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B28","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B29","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2019.2662","article-title":"Use of whole-genome sequencing for food safety and public health in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2212.160165","article-title":"Infectious dose of Listeria monocytogenes in outbreak linked to ice cream, United States, 2015","volume":"22","author":"Pouillot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-16-208","article-title":"Prevalence and level of Listeria monocytogenes in ice cream linked to a listeriosis outbreak in the United States","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu365","article-title":"Foodborne listeriosis acquired in hospitals","volume":"59","author":"Silk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis817","article-title":"Hospital-acquired listeriosis outbreak caused by contaminated diced celery\u2014Texas, 2010","volume":"56","author":"Gaul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1086\/676439","article-title":"Implementation of a restricted foods policy at a large academic medical center","volume":"35","author":"Cutro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2013.1679","article-title":"Microbiological food safety and a low-microbial diet to protect vulnerable people","volume":"11","author":"Lund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"2023010809015785500_ciac550-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917a1","article-title":"Preliminary incidence trends of infections with pathogens transmitted commonly through food\u2014and Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2016\u20132019","volume":"69","author":"Tack","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac550\/47762427\/ciac550.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/76\/1\/89\/48533207\/ciac550.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/76\/1\/89\/48533207\/ciac550.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,8]],"date-time":"2023-01-08T04:02:17Z","timestamp":1673150537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/76\/1\/89\/6633545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac550","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]}}}