{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T09:34:08Z","timestamp":1784280848333,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Global Health Protection Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Health","award":["ZMVI1-2017GHP704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMVI1-2017GHP704"]}]},{"name":"Global Health Protection Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Health","award":["ZMVI1-2520GHP700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMVI1-2520GHP700"]}]},{"name":"Global Health Protection Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Health","award":["ZMVI1-2519GHP704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMVI1-2519GHP704"]}]},{"name":"Global Health Protection Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Health","award":["FKZ 2517AA0059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ 2517AA0059"]}]},{"name":"Global Health Protection Programme of the German Federal Ministry of Health","award":["FKZ ZMVI6b-2519AA0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ ZMVI6b-2519AA0003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GU883\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GU883\/5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GU883\/5-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GU883\/5-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001664","name":"Leibniz Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["59\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["59\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lassa fever is endemic in large parts of West Africa. The recommended antiviral treatment is ribavirin. Two treatment regimens are currently endorsed in Nigeria: the \u201cMcCormick regimen\u201d based on a study published in 1986 and the \u201cIrrua regimen\u201d constituting a simplified schedule developed at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Evidence for the safety and efficacy of ribavirin in Lassa fever patients is poor and pharmacokinetic data for both regimens are lacking<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polymerase chain reaction-confirmed Lassa fever patients with mild to moderate disease severity were invited to participate in this prospective, observational pharmacokinetic study. Pharmacokinetics of ribavirin, clinical, virologic, and clinical laboratory parameters were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using a population pharmacokinetic approach, plasma concentrations of ribavirin were best described by a 3-compartment model. Drug exposure was remarkably consistent between participants. Overall, drug clearance was 28.5% lower in female compared with male participants. Median (5th-95th percentile) time above half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 37.3% (16.9%\u201373.1%), 16.7% (8.2%\u201358.5%), and 9.6% (4.9%\u201338.4%) on days 1, 7, and 8, respectively. Clinical laboratory parameters indicated reduction of cell damage and development of hemolytic anemia in the course of the treatment period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This observational study characterizes the pharmacokinetics of ribavirin in the treatment of Lassa fever indicating consistent exposure across patients. Whereas only a short time interval of concentrations above the IC50 implies rather low antiviral efficacy in vivo, the prominent reduction of cell damage markers might point to indirect\u2014potentially anti-inflammatory\u2014effects of ribavirin. The role of ribavirin in the treatment of Lassa fever requires further scrutiny.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T17:46:14Z","timestamp":1658857574000},"page":"e841-e848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pharmacokinetics of Ribavirin in the Treatment of Lassa Fever: An Observational Clinical Study at the Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Groger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg , Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg\u2013L\u00fcbeck\u2013Borstel\u2013Riems , Hamburg , 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