{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T23:17:48Z","timestamp":1787354268712,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011912","name":"Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections after solid organ transplant (SOT) are not well characterized. Here we aimed to describe these factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, multinational, 1:2 matched case-control study that included SOT recipients \u226512 years old diagnosed with NTM infection from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018. Controls were matched on transplanted organ, NTM treatment center, and post-transplant survival greater than or equal to the time to NTM diagnosis. Logistic regression on matched pairs was used to assess associations between risk factors and NTM infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analyses included 85 cases and 169 controls (59% male, 88% White, median age at time of SOT of 54 years [interquartile range {IQR} 40\u201362]). NTM infection occurred in kidney (42%), lung (35%), heart and liver (11% each), and pancreas transplant recipients (1%). Median time from transplant to infection was 21.6 months (IQR 5.3\u201355.2). Most underlying comorbidities were evenly distributed between groups; however, cases were older at the time of NTM diagnosis, more frequently on systemic corticosteroids and had a lower lymphocyte count (all P &amp;lt; .05). In the multivariable model, older age at transplant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.04; 95 confidence interval [CI], 1.01\u20131.07), hospital admission within 90 days (aOR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.41\u20136.98), receipt of antifungals (aOR, 5.35; 95% CI, 1.7\u201316.91), and lymphocyte-specific antibodies (aOR, 7.73; 95% CI, 1.07\u201356.14), were associated with NTM infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk of NTM infection in SOT recipients was associated with older age at SOT, prior hospital admission, receipt of antifungals or lymphocyte-specific antibodies. NTM infection should be considered in SOT patients with these risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T23:08:41Z","timestamp":1658790521000},"page":"e995-e1003","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Multinational Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4155-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Mejia-Chew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy L","family":"Carver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasinuch","family":"Rutjanawech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis F Aranha","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruan","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Belga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine , Vancouver , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shay-Anne","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine , Vancouver , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas J","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Burkhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole M","family":"Theodoropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, UMass Chan Medical School , Worchester, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douwe F","family":"Postma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pleun J","family":"van Duijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Carmen","family":"Fari\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria , Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC (CB21\/13\/00068), ISCIII , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria , Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC (CB21\/13\/00068), ISCIII , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ochsner Medical Center , New Orleans, Louisiana , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Ochsner Medical Center , New Orleans, Louisiana , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Bodro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Clinic Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Vanino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Policlinico Sant\u2019Orsola, University of Bologna , Italy"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Ravenna Hospital, AUSL Romagna , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Fern\u00e1ndez","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateja Jankovic","family":"Makek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine , Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ribal Bou","family":"Mjahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriol","family":"Manuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nassim","family":"Kamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Organs Transplantation, Toulouse Rangueil University, INSERM UMR 1291, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Disease (Infinity), Paul Sabatier University , Toulouse , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Calvo-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, University Hospital Badajoz , Badajoz , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Rueda","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Department, University Hospital Badajoz , Badajoz , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"P\u00e9rez-Recio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Sab\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regino Rodr\u00edguez","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario Cruces , Barakaldo , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Tiago","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n del Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC; CB21\/13\/00009), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Mularoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCC-ISMETT, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione , Palermo , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juana","family":"Alonso-Titos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga , M\u00e1laga , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"del Rosal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika Y","family":"Classen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne , Cologne , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles W","family":"Goss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansi","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"L\u00f3pez-Medrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n del Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC; CB21\/13\/00009), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02901","article-title":"Host variability in NTM disease: implications for research needs","volume":"9","author":"Swenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201804-236OC","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in a large U.S. managed care health plan, 2008\u20132015","volume":"17","author":"Winthrop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2016OC","article-title":"Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in U.S. Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"185","author":"Adjemian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00303","article-title":"The rise of non-Tuberculosis mycobacterial lung disease","volume":"11","author":"Ratnatunga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0606-6","article-title":"\u201cWhy me, why now?\u201d Using clinical immunology and epidemiology to explain who gets nontuberculous mycobacterial infection","volume":"14","author":"Lake","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1302","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1189","article-title":"Immunosuppressive agents and infectious risk in transplantation: Managing the \u201cnet state of immunosuppression.\u201d","volume":"73","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13588","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13588","article-title":"Management of infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in solid organ transplant recipients: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice","volume":"33","author":"Longworth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12546","article-title":"Analysis of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections after lung transplantation","volume":"18","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2016.04.001","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in solid organ transplant recipients: an update","volume":"4","author":"Abad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001123","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in solid organ transplant recipients at a midwestern center","volume":"100","author":"George","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2012.00753.x","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection among lung transplant recipients: a 15-year cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Knoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12170","article-title":"Risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in solid organ transplant recipients: a case-control study","volume":"16","author":"Longworth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B13","author":"Katsolis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13229","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13229","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in lung transplant recipients: prevalence, risk factors, and impact on survival and chronic lung allograft dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Friedman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2011.02.007","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection after lung transplantation is associated with increased mortality","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","article-title":"An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"175","author":"Griffith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210927","article-title":"British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD)","volume":"72","author":"Haworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa729","article-title":"Posttreatment lymphopenia is associated with an increased risk of redeveloping nontuberculous lung disease in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease","volume":"73","author":"Furuuchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200905-0778OC","article-title":"Nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis in Denmark: incidence and prognostic factors","volume":"181","author":"Andrejak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-6958-9-48","article-title":"Diagnostic delay of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in China","volume":"9","author":"Jing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2016.79.2.74","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease: clinicians\u2019 perspectives","volume":"79","author":"Ryu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.10.048","article-title":"Impact of time between diagnosis and treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease on culture conversion and all-cause mortality","volume":"161","author":"Im","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00535-2020","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"56","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16935","article-title":"Risk factors of invasive fungal infections in liver transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Phoompoung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110771","article-title":"Opportunist coinfections by nontuberculous mycobacteria and fungi in immunocompromised patients","volume":"9","author":"Joao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4351","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124351","article-title":"Host immune response and novel diagnostic approach to NTM infections","volume":"21","author":"Abe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12321","article-title":"Kinetics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations predicts the occurrence of opportunistic infection after kidney transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Fernandez-Ruiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21833","article-title":"Pretransplant lymphocyte count predicts the incidence of infection during the first two years after liver transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Fernandez-Ruiz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.2.263","article-title":"Infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in kidney, heart, and liver transplant recipients","volume":"19","author":"Patel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1086\/648443","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease prevalence and risk factors: a changing epidemiology","volume":"49","author":"Cassidy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06931-4","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacteria in Denmark: incidence and clinical importance during the last quarter-century","volume":"7","author":"Hermansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1086\/420746","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"38","author":"Doucette","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817013569500_ciac608-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2005.21.689","article-title":"Clinical, microbiological, and immunological characteristics in HIV-infected subjects at risk for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex disease: an AACTG study","volume":"21","author":"MacGregor","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac608\/45473001\/ciac608.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/76\/3\/e995\/49125346\/ciac608.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/76\/3\/e995\/49125346\/ciac608.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T12:05:14Z","timestamp":1675857914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/76\/3\/e995\/6649860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac608","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]}}}