{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:43:58Z","timestamp":1790131438614,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mumps is a highly contagious disease spread by airborne droplets, making control especially difficult in congregate, crowded settings such as shelters and jails. A mumps outbreak in Honduras, starting in 2018 among adults who were unvaccinated, spread northward with Central Americans migrating to the United States. We describe 2 mumps outbreaks in Houston during 2019 among migrants at the Houston Contract Detention Facility (HCDF) and among inmates at the Harris County Jail (HCJ).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated cases of acute onset parotitis. Three or more mumps cases in a facility was considered an outbreak. Confirmed cases had positive polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Probable cases were linked epidemiologically to a confirmed case in the same unit and a positive serology for serum anti-mumps immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody. Outbreak control measures included enhanced surveillance, isolation of housing units, educational outreach, and immunization with Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At HCDF, during a 10-month period, we investigated 42 possible cases. Of the possible cases, 28 were lab-confirmed with 9 probable, 4 ruled out, and 1 vaccine reaction. All were migrants. At HCJ, during a 3-month period, we investigated 60 suspect cases; 20 cases were lab-confirmed, 13 probable and 27 ruled out. All but 2 were inmates. Only about a third of those offered MMR vaccination accepted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Successful outbreak resolution required close cooperation with HCDF and HCJ with ongoing surveillance, isolation of units with cases and MMR vaccination. Such facilities will have outbreaks; regular communications with local public health could improve response.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T09:37:31Z","timestamp":1660297051000},"page":"e1416-e1420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Management and Control Issues Related to Two Mumps Outbreaks in Houston: Future Implications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0576-4520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joann","family":"Schulte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Health Department , Houston, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Dallas County Health and Human Services , Dallas, Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstin","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Health Department , Houston, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Persse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Health Department , Houston, Texas , USA"},{"name":"Houston Fire Department, Emergency Medical Services , Houston, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020817101992100_ciac650-B1","volume-title":"Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases","author":"Marlow","year":"2021","edition":"14th ed"},{"key":"2023020817101992100_ciac650-B2","first-page":"794","article-title":"Mumps outbreaks at four universities\u2014Indiana 2016","volume":"67","author":"Golwalkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"2023020817101992100_ciac650-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy779","article-title":"Characteristics of large mumps outbreaks in the United States, July 2010\u2013December 2015","volume":"68","author":"Clemmons","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023020817101992100_ciac650-B4","author":"Office of Detention Oversight, Compliance Inspection, Enforcement and Removal Operations, ERO Houston Field Office, Houston Contract Detention Facility, Houston, Texas, 7\u20139 May 2017"},{"key":"2023020817101992100_ciac650-B5","first-page":"749","article-title":"Notes from the field: mumps in detention facilities that house detained migrants\u2014United States, September 2018\u2013August 2019","volume":"68","author":"Leung","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"2023020817101992100_ciac650-B6","author":"Texas Commission on Jail Standards"},{"key":"2023020817101992100_ciac650-B7","author":"Honduras reports more than 5,000 mumps cases this year."},{"key":"2023020817101992100_ciac650-B8","author":"Incidence time series for Honduras (HND) WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring 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