{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T07:55:36Z","timestamp":1793346936006,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) have been suggested as persistent even with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Aims were to evaluate HAND prevalence and associated factors, in a large cohort of people-with-HIV (PWH).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ART-treated PWH, underwent a neuropsychological examination through a battery of 12 tests exploring 5 different domains, between 2009 and 2020, were included in this cross-sectional analysis. HAND were classified according to Frascati's criteria. Participants were defined as complaining or not-complaining if a cognitive complaint was reported or not. Chi-square for trend and multivariable logistic regression were fitted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 1424 PWH were enrolled during four three-years periods. HAND prevalence was 24%; among complainers (572\/1424), it was 38%, higher than among not-complainers (15%). Over the study period, a decreasing HAND prevalence was found in the entire population (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and in complaining (P &amp;lt; 0.001); in not-complaining it remained stable (P = 0.182). Factors associated with HAND were older age, lower educational level, lower current CD4+ T-cell count and HCV co-infection. Compared to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, receiving dual and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based therapies was associated with a decreased risk of HAND, as well as being tested in more recent years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this large cohort of ART-treated PWH, mostly virologically suppressed, a remarkable decreasing HAND prevalence was observed. Besides HIV- and patient-related factors, the reduced risk of HAND found with dual and INSTI-based regimens along with a more recent ART initiation, could suggest a potential role of new treatment strategies in this decline, due to their greater virologic efficacy and better tolerability.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T04:57:20Z","timestamp":1660885040000},"page":"e629-e637","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Declining Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)\u2013Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Recent Years and Associated Factors in a Large Cohort of Antiretroviral Therapy\u2013Treated Individuals With HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Mastrorosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases and Research, HIV\/AIDS Unit, National Institute 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