{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T06:48:14Z","timestamp":1794293294406,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Technologies R&D Program of the National Ministry of Science","award":["2013ZX10004-202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013ZX10004-202"]}]},{"name":"Key Technologies R&D Program of the National Ministry of Science","award":["2018ZX10713-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10713-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To provide useful insights into measles elimination progress in China, measles surveillance data were reviewed, and the transmission patterns of measles viruses circulating in China during 1993\u20132021 were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Measles incidence data from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. A total of 17 570 strains were obtained from 30 of 31 provinces in mainland China during 1993\u20132021. The recommended genotyping window was amplified. Genotyping analysis was conducted for comparison with the reference strains. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify genetic relationships among different lineages within the genotypes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With high coverage of routine immunization and intensive supplementary immunization activities, measles incidence has shown a downward trend since 1993, despite 2 resurgences, reaching a historic low level in 2020\u20132021 (average 0.5 per million). During 1993\u20132021, 9 genotypes including domestic genotype H1; imported genotypes B3, D4, D8, D9, D11, G3, and H2; and vaccine-associated genotype A were identified. Among them, the genotype H1 strain circulated endemically in China for more than 25 years; the last strain was detected in Yunnan Province in September 2019. Multiple imported genotypes have been identified since 2009 showing different transmission patterns. Since April 2020, no imported strains have been detected, while vaccine-associated genotype A continues to be detected.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The evidence of low incidence during 2020\u20132021 and virological surveillance data in this study confirm that China is currently approaching measles elimination.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T16:08:23Z","timestamp":1661789303000},"page":"e1140-e1149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Transmission Pattern of Measles Virus Circulating in China During 1993\u20132021: Genotyping Evidence Supports That China Is Approaching Measles Elimination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Huiling","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojian","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naiying","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office Regional Reference Laboratory of Measles and Rubella, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical 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Prevention , Hefei , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daxing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Zhengzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongshan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Taiyuan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial Center for 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Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Ha\u2019erbin , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Lanzhou , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guiyang , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Nanning , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Changchun , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Neimenggu Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Huhehaote , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Wuhan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Xian , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Yinchuan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Xining , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuerban","family":"Mahemutijiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Measles\/Rubella Laboratory, Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Wulumuqi 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