{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T22:30:42Z","timestamp":1770330642659,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF),"},{"name":"Deutsche Leberstiftung"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for recently acquired hepatitis C virus (RAHCV) infections, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013positive men who have sex with men (MSM), dramatically reduced the incidence of hepatitis C. However, implementation into clinical practice is challenging. The aim of this study was to analyze spontaneous clearance (SC) rates of RAHCV and to identify predictors of SC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The PROBE-C study is an observational European cohort on RAHCV infections in HIV-positive MSM. Between 2007 and 2017, RAHCV infections were documented with \u226512 months of follow-up. Fisher exact, \u03c72, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 464 RAHCV infections were documented; 457 of 464 patients (98%) were male, and the median age (interquartile range [IQR]) was 41 (38\u201346) years. The main risk group for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission was MSM (98.9%). Most participants were infected with HCV genotype 1 (78.3%). The median baseline HCV RNA level (IQR) was 230 000 (135 000\u2013474 432) IU\/mL, and the median CD4+ T-cell count was 574\/\u00b5L (547\u2013604\/\u00b5L. Of all cases, 92% received combination antiretroviral therapy, with 91% showing suppressed HIV RNA levels (&amp;lt;200 copies\/mL). The median maximum alanine aminotransferase level (IQR) was 445 (402\u2013522) U\/L. SC of RAHCV infection occurred in 55 of 464 cases (11.9%). A &amp;gt;2-log decline in HCV RNA levels 4 weeks after diagnosis of RAHCV infection was the strongest predictor of SC (P &amp;lt; .001; sensitivity, 96.4%; specificity, 97.5%; positive predictive value, 84.1%; negative predictive value, 99.5%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SC of RAHCV in HIV-positive MSM is found in only 11.9% of cases and a &amp;lt;2-log drop in HCV RNA level at week 4 after diagnosis should prompt early DAA-based treatment. However, immediate DAA treatment for RAHCV infection may also be favored in patients with ongoing transmission risk behavior.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T15:57:59Z","timestamp":1661356679000},"page":"e607-e612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Low Spontaneous Clearance Rates of Recently Acquired Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men (PROBE-C Study)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8794-3612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malte B","family":"Monin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn , Bonn , 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Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph D","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chelsea and Westminster Hospital , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c4rztezentrum Nollendorfplatz , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Bhagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Free Hospital , London , United 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Germany"},{"name":"European AIDS Treatment Network Infectious Disease (NEAT ID) Foundation , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Boesecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Cologne-Bonn , Bonn , Germany"},{"name":"European AIDS Treatment Network Infectious Disease (NEAT ID) Foundation , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the PROBE-C study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023020817102012400_ciac680-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.008532","article-title":"Increased numbers of acute hepatitis C infections in HIV positive homosexual men: is 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