{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:22:33Z","timestamp":1791408153443,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CDC","award":["75D30118F02850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30118F02850"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008769","name":"Abt Associates","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antibody responses to non\u2013egg-based standard-dose cell-culture influenza vaccine (containing 15 \u00b5g hemagglutinin [HA]\/component) and recombinant vaccine (containing 45 \u00b5g HA\/component) during consecutive seasons have not been studied in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a randomized trial of immunogenicity of quadrivalent influenza vaccines among healthcare personnel (HCP) aged 18\u201364 years over 2 consecutive seasons, HCP who received recombinant-HA influenza vaccine (RIV) or cell culture\u2013based inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV) during the first season (year 1) were re-randomized the second season of 2019\u20132020 (year 2 [Y2]) to receive ccIIV or RIV, resulting in 4 ccIIV\/RIV combinations. In Y2, hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against reference cell\u2013grown vaccine viruses were compared in each ccIIV\/RIV group with titers among HCP randomized both seasons to receive egg-based, standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) using geometric mean titer (GMT) ratios of Y2 post-vaccination titers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Y2 data from 414 HCP were analyzed per protocol. Compared with 60 IIV\/IIV recipients, 74 RIV\/RIV and 106 ccIIV\/RIV recipients showed significantly elevated GMT ratios (Bonferroni corrected P &amp;lt; .007) against all components except A(H3N2). Post-vaccination GMT ratios for ccIIV\/ccIIV and RIV\/ccIIV were not significantly elevated compared with IIV\/IIV except for RIV\/ccIIV against A(H1N1)pdm09.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In adult HCP, receipt of RIV in 2 consecutive seasons or the second season was more immunogenic than consecutive egg-based IIV for 3 of the 4 components of quadrivalent vaccine. Immunogenicity of ccIIV\/ccIIV was similar to that of IIV\/IIV. Differences in HA antigen content may play a role in immunogenicity of influenza vaccination in consecutive seasons.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT03722589.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T01:48:20Z","timestamp":1661737700000},"page":"e1168-e1176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of Repeat Vaccination on Immunogenicity of Quadrivalent Cell-Culture and Recombinant Influenza Vaccines Among Healthcare Personnel Aged 18\u201364 Years: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3952-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manjusha","family":"Gaglani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abt Associates , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kempapura","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health , Temple, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayan","family":"Dunnigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health , Temple, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tnelda","family":"Zunie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor Scott & White Health , Temple, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Groom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest , Portland, Oregon , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abt Associates , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuha","family":"Jeddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abt Associates , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abt Associates , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3408-0523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith G","family":"Wesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abt Associates , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suryaprakash","family":"Sambhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivaprakash","family":"Gangappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F Liaini","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Mishina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia 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