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We explored results among the prespecified subgroup of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PWH and CD4+ counts \u2265100 cells\/\u03bcL were eligible if they were receiving or about to initiate efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). Primary endpoints of TB disease-free survival 12 months after randomization (efficacy) and \u2265 grade 3 adverse events (AEs) on treatment (safety) were compared, using a 6.6% noninferiority margin for efficacy. Randomization was stratified by site, pulmonary cavitation, and HIV status. PWH were enrolled in a staged fashion to support cautious evaluation of drug\u2013drug interactions between rifapentine and efavirenz.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 2516 participants from 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas were enrolled. Among 194 (8%) microbiologically eligible PWH, the median CD4+ count was 344 cells\/\u03bcL (interquartile range: 223\u2013455). The rifapentine-moxifloxacin regimen was noninferior to control (absolute difference in unfavorable outcomes \u22127.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] \u221220.8% to 6.0%); the rifapentine regimen was not noninferior to control (+7.5% [95% CI, \u22127.3% to +22.4%]). Fewer AEs were reported in rifapentine-based regimens (15%) than the control regimen (21%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In people with HIV-associated DS-PTB with CD4+ counts \u2265100 cells\/\u03bcL on efavirenz-based ART, the 4-month daily rifapentine-moxifloxacin regimen was noninferior to the 6-month control regimen and was safe.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NCT02410772.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T18:20:50Z","timestamp":1661883650000},"page":"e580-e589","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Rifapentine With and Without Moxifloxacin for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (S31\/A5349)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8832-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April C","family":"Pettit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick P J","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Kurbatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Vernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Tuberculosis 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