{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T01:58:20Z","timestamp":1776909500737,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institutes for Health Research"},{"name":"Thames Valley and South Midlands NIHR Clinical Research Network"},{"name":"AstraZeneca"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["403193363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["403193363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["75F40120C00085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75F40120C00085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIHR Global Research Professorship","award":["NIHR300791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR300791"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with good CD4 T-cell counts make effective immune responses following vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are few data on longer term responses and the impact of a booster dose.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adults with HIV were enrolled into a single arm open label study. Two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 were followed 12 months later by a third heterologous vaccine dose. Participants had undetectable viraemia on ART and CD4 counts &amp;gt;350 cells\/\u00b5L. Immune responses to the ancestral strain and variants of concern were measured by anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MesoScale Discovery (MSD) anti-spike platform, ACE-2 inhibition, activation induced marker (AIM) assay, and T-cell proliferation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 54 participants received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. 43 received a third dose (42 with BNT162b2; 1 with mRNA-1273) 1 year after the first dose. After the third dose, total anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titers (MSD), ACE-2 inhibition, and IgG ELISA results were significantly higher compared to Day 182 titers (P &amp;lt; .0001 for all 3). SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T-cell responses measured by AIM against SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 peptide pools were significantly increased after a third vaccine compared to 6 months after a first dose, with significant increases in proliferative CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 after boosting. Responses to Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants were boosted, although to a lesser extent for Omicron.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In PWH receiving a third vaccine dose, there were significant increases in B- and T-cell immunity, including to known variants of concern (VOCs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T20:57:24Z","timestamp":1664830644000},"page":"201-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Booster Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Induces Potent Immune Responses in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Fidler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of HIV Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Guy's and St Thomas\u2019 Biomedical Research Centre , London , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Tipoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Longet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Tipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Movin","family":"Abeywickrema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Harrison Wing and NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Guys and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Adele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar 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