{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:40:15Z","timestamp":1790671215839,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY016214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY016214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23EY019071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23EY019071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mass administration of azithromycin is an established strategy for decreasing the prevalence of trachoma in endemic areas. However, nearby untreated communities could serve as a reservoir that may increase the chances of chlamydia reinfection in treated communities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As part of a cluster-randomized trial in Ethiopia, 60 communities were randomized to receive mass azithromycin distributions and 12 communities were randomized to no treatments until after the first year. Ocular chlamydia was assessed from a random sample of children per community at baseline and month 12. Distances between treated and untreated communities were assessed from global positioning system coordinates collected for the study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pretreatment prevalence of ocular chlamydia among 0 to 9 year olds was 43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-47%), which decreased to 11% (95% CI, 9%-14%) at the 12-month visit. The posttreatment prevalence of chlamydia was significantly higher in communities that were closer to an untreated community after adjusting for baseline prevalence and the number of mass treatments during the year (odds ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.03-1.22] for each 1 km closer to an untreated community).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mass azithromycin distributions to wide, contiguous geographic areas may reduce the likelihood of continued ocular chlamydia infection in the setting of mass antibiotic treatments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T04:35:38Z","timestamp":1670387738000},"page":"1038-1042","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["When the Neighboring Village is Not Treated: Role of Geographic Proximity to Communities Not Receiving Mass Antibiotics for Trachoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Arman","family":"Mosenia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berhan A","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center Ethiopia , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayalew","family":"Shiferaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center Ethiopia , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sintayehu","family":"Gebresillasie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center Ethiopia , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teshome","family":"Gebre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center Ethiopia , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia"},{"name":"International Trachoma Initiative, The Taskforce for Global Health , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulat","family":"Zerihun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center Ethiopia , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zerihun","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center Ethiopia , Addis Ababa , Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M","family":"Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E Kelly","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M","family":"Lietman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy D","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023052918452849900_ciac866-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002633","article-title":"Mass azithromycin distribution for hyperendemic trachoma following a cluster-randomized trial: a continuation study of randomly reassigned subclusters (TANA II)","volume":"15","author":"Keenan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2023052918452849900_ciac866-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000376","article-title":"Reduction and return of infectious trachoma in severely affected communities in Ethiopia","volume":"3","author":"Lakew","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2023052918452849900_ciac866-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67529-0","article-title":"Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in Tanzania: a longitudinal study","volume":"366","author":"West","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023052918452849900_ciac866-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178595","article-title":"Treating village newcomers and travelers for trachoma: results from ASANTE cluster randomized trial","volume":"12","author":"West","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023052918452849900_ciac866-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2115","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002115","article-title":"Mass treatment with azithromycin for trachoma: when is one round enough? 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