{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T09:08:17Z","timestamp":1740128897428,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015400","name":"Fonds Erasme","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015400","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study characterizes the structural and metabolic cerebral correlates of cognitive impairments found in a preclinical setting that considers the lifestyle of young European men exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including recreational drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simultaneous structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) were acquired on a hybrid PET-MRI system in 23 asymptomatic young men having sex with men with HIV (HIVMSM; mean age, 33.6 years [range, 23\u201360 years]; normal CD4+ cell count, undetectable viral load). Neuroimaging data were compared with that of 26 young seronegative men under HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEPMSM), highly well matched for age and lifestyle, and to 23 matched young seronegative men (controls). A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was also administered to the HIVMSM and PrEPMSM participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIVMSM had lower performances in executive, attentional, and working memory functions compared to PrEPMSM. No structural or metabolic differences were found between those 2 groups. Compared to controls, HIVMSM and PrEPMSM exhibited a common hypometabolism in the prefrontal cortex that correlated with the level of recreational drug use. No structural brain abnormality was found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormalities of brain metabolism in our population of young HIVMSM mainly relate to recreational drug use rather than HIV per se. A complex interplay between recreational drugs and HIV might nevertheless be involved in the cognitive impairments observed in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T05:18:25Z","timestamp":1668143905000},"page":"1022-1029","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Recreational Drugs on Cognitive Functions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Henrard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Immunodeficiency, Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB), H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Clinique Universitaire de Bruxelles (CUB) H\u00f4pital Erasme , Brussels 1070 , Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute , ULB, Brussels 1070 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Trotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute , ULB, Brussels 1070 , Belgium"},{"name":"Departments of Nuclear Medicine , Brussels 1070 , Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Neuroimaging , Brussels 1070 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonin","family":"Rovai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute , ULB, Brussels 1070 , Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Neuroimaging , Brussels 1070 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Coolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute , ULB, Brussels 1070 , Belgium"},{"name":"Radiology , Brussels 1070 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hichem","family":"Slama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neuropsychology , ULB, H.U.B., CUB H\u00f4pital Erasme, Brussels 1070 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Bertels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute , ULB, Brussels 1070 , Belgium"},{"name":"UlBabyLab-Consciousness, Cognition and Computation Group, Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, ULB Neuroscience Institute, ULB , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Puttaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute , ULB, Brussels 1070 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Goffard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Immunodeficiency, Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB), H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Clinique Universitaire de Bruxelles (CUB) H\u00f4pital Erasme , Brussels 1070 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Van Vooren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Immunodeficiency, Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB), H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), Clinique Universitaire de Bruxelles (CUB) H\u00f4pital Erasme , Brussels 1070 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute , ULB, Brussels 1070 , Belgium"},{"name":"Departments of Nuclear Medicine , Brussels 1070 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"De Ti\u00e8ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et de Neuroimagerie translationnelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute , ULB, Brussels 1070 , Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Neuroimaging , Brussels 1070 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab366","article-title":"Moving on from HAND: why we need new criteria for cognitive impairment in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus and a proposed way forward","volume":"73","author":"Nightingale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2017.1349879","article-title":"HIV-associated executive dysfunction in the era of modern antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.11110340","article-title":"The role of HIV infection, cognition, and depression in risky decision-making","volume":"24","author":"Thames","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000112","article-title":"Neuroimaging of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)","volume":"9","author":"Ances","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2287","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1415","article-title":"Structural and functional brain abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus disease revealed by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging fusion: association with cognitive function","volume":"73","author":"Sui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix301","article-title":"Gray and white matter abnormalities in treated human immunodeficiency virus disease and their relationship to cognitive function","volume":"65","author":"Underwood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-7-13","article-title":"Cerebral FDG-PET scanning abnormalities in optimally treated HIV patients","volume":"7","author":"Andersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22078","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow and FDG uptake in asymptomatic HIV-1 men","volume":"34","author":"Towgood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1591","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006398","article-title":"Global and regional brain hypometabolism on FDG-PET in treated HIV-infected individuals","volume":"91","author":"Hammoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.052688","article-title":"Analysis of the effects of injecting drug use and HIV-1 infection on 18F-FDG PET brain metabolism","volume":"49","author":"Georgiou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(14)70001-3","article-title":"Recreational drug use, polydrug use, and sexual behaviour in HIV-diagnosed men who have sex with men in the UK: results from the cross-sectional ASTRA study","volume":"1","author":"Daskalopoulou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506273","article-title":"On-demand preexposure prophylaxis in men at high risk for HIV-1 infection","volume":"373","author":"Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.04.015","article-title":"Differential effects of MDMA, cocaine, and cannabis use severity on distinctive components of the executive functions in polysubstance users: a multiple regression analysis","volume":"30","author":"Verdejo-Garcia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7747-4","article-title":"Recreational drug and excessive alcohol use among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in central Israel","volume":"19","author":"Mor","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0396","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis. II: inflation, flattening, and a surface-based coordinate system","volume":"9","author":"Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797","article-title":"Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images","volume":"97","author":"Fischl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087","article-title":"Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex","volume":"14","author":"Fischl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000137015.04054.2C","article-title":"Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in epilepsies with continuous spikes and waves during sleep","volume":"63","author":"De Ti\u00e8ge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23223","article-title":"Functional integration changes in regional brain glucose metabolism from childhood to adulthood","volume":"37","author":"Trotta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.11.043","article-title":"Metabolic evidence for remote inhibition in epilepsies with continuous spike-waves during sleep","volume":"40","author":"De Ti\u00e8ge","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-05154-6","article-title":"Structural and metabolic brain abnormalities in COVID-19 patients with sudden loss of smell","volume":"48","author":"Niesen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00553","article-title":"Discriminating formal representations of risk in anterior cingulate cortex and inferior frontal gyrus","volume":"12","author":"Fukunaga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39830","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039830","article-title":"Neural correlates of the severity of cocaine, heroin, alcohol, MDMA and cannabis use in polysubstance abusers: a resting-PET brain metabolism study","volume":"7","author":"Moreno-Lopez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e111583","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111583","article-title":"Altered functional response to risky choice in HIV infection","volume":"9","author":"Connolly","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-017-0897-y","article-title":"Current understanding of methamphetamine-associated dopaminergic neurodegeneration and psychotoxic behaviors","volume":"40","author":"Shin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2019.146426","article-title":"The impact of substance abuse on HIV-mediated neuropathogenesis in the current ART era","volume":"1724","author":"Chilunda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2005.00670.x","article-title":"Hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid precursor protein deposition is increased in the brains of young drug abusers","volume":"31","author":"Ramage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-018-1701-6","article-title":"Region-specific changes in markers of neuroplasticity revealed in HIV-1 transgenic rats by low-dose methamphetamine","volume":"223","author":"Ohene-Nyako","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00419-8","article-title":"Brain PET imaging: value for understanding the pathophysiology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND)","volume":"16","author":"Sinharay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-071013-014030","article-title":"The brain's default mode network","volume":"38","author":"Raichle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.07.010","article-title":"Mind wandering perspective on attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"92","author":"Bozhilova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab655","article-title":"Higher comorbidity burden predicts worsening neurocognitive trajectories in people with HIV","volume":"74","author":"Ellis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023032201025001100_","first-page":"1235","article-title":"The Multimorbidity Index: a tool for assessing the prognosis of patients from their history of illness","volume":"4","author":"Alemi","year":"2016","journal-title":"EGEMS (Wash DC)"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac870\/47540846\/ciac870.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/76\/6\/1022\/49587467\/ciac870.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/76\/6\/1022\/49587467\/ciac870.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T10:14:21Z","timestamp":1701339261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/76\/6\/1022\/6821337"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac870","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1058-4838"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-6591"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]}}}