{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:21:08Z","timestamp":1777508468495,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1TR002378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TL1TR002382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1TR002382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32AI157855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI157855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R25DA013582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25DA013582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) may present with infectious complications from injection drug use; thus, infectious diseases (ID) physicians are uniquely positioned to treat OUD. Buprenorphine is safe and effective for OUD but remains underutilized. The prevalence and geographic distribution of ID physicians who are waivered to prescribe buprenorphine are unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross-sectional study merged data from several publicly available datasets from 1 November 2021 to 15 January 2022. Our primary outcome was the proportion of ID physicians possessing buprenorphine waivers in the United States. We identified individual- and county-level characteristics associated with buprenorphine waiver possession. We then used geospatial analysis to determine the geographic distribution of waivered ID physicians.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 6372 ID physicians in the United States, among whom 170 (2.7%) possessed waivers. Most ID physicians (97.3%) practiced in metropolitan counties. In our multivariable analysis, ID physicians had lower odds of having a waiver for every 10-year increase since graduating medical school (OR: .79; 95% CI: .68\u2013.91). ID physicians practicing in counties with a higher proportion of uninsured residents had lower odds of having a waiver (OR: .75; 95% CI: .62\u2013.90). Among counties with \u22651 ID physician (n = 729), only 11.2% had \u22651 waivered ID physician.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found an extremely low prevalence and skewed geographic distribution of ID physicians with buprenorphine waivers. Our findings suggest an urgent need to increase the workforce of ID physicians waivered to prescribe buprenorphine and a call for increased integration of OUD education into ID training and continuing medical education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T05:39:36Z","timestamp":1669268376000},"page":"1197-1204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence, Distribution, and Characteristics Associated With Possession of Buprenorphine Waivers Among Infectious Diseases Physicians in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8890-6434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayako Wendy","family":"Fujita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University Department of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia , 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Georgia , USA"},{"name":"Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Services, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A","family":"Colasanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University Department of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anandi N","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University Department of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia , 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