{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:04Z","timestamp":1792785844199,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Polish National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2018\/30\/E\/NZ6\/00696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2018\/30\/E\/NZ6\/00696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008781","name":"Pomeranian Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Infectious Diseases Warmia and Mazury"},{"name":"Regional Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Russian invasion of Ukraine forced migration for safety, protection, and assistance. Poland is the primary sheltering country for Ukrainian refugees, providing support including medical care, which resulted in the rapid \u223c15% increase in the number of followed-up people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH) in the country. Here, we present the national experience on HIV care provided for refugees from Ukraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical, antiretroviral, immunological, and virologic data from 955 Ukrainian PWH entering care in Poland since February 2022 were analyzed. The dataset included both antiretroviral-treated (n = 851) and newly diagnosed (n = 104) patients. In 76 cases, protease\/reverse transcriptase\/integrase sequencing was performed to identify drug resistance and subtype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most (70.05%) of the patients were female, with a predominance of heterosexual (70.3%) transmissions. Anti\u2013hepatitis C antibody and hepatitis B antigen were present in 28.7% and 2.9% of the patients, respectively. A history of tuberculosis was reported in 10.1% of cases. Among previously treated patients, the viral suppression rate was 89.6%; 77.3% of newly HIV diagnosed cases were diagnosed late (with lymphocyte CD4 count &amp;lt;350 cells\/\u03bcL or AIDS). The A6 variant was observed in 89.0% of sequences. Transmitted mutations in the reverse transcriptase were found in 15.4% treatment-naive cases. Two patients with treatment failure exhibited multiclass drug resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migration from Ukraine influences the characteristics of HIV epidemics in Europe, with an increase in the proportion of women and hepatitis C coinfected patients. Antiretroviral treatment efficacy among previously treated refugees was high, with new HIV cases frequently diagnosed late. The A6 subtype was the most common variant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T01:43:01Z","timestamp":1677894181000},"page":"1708-1715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Clinical Perspective on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care of Ukrainian War Refugees in Poland"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1869-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u0142osz","family":"Parczewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases, and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Jab\u0142onowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of L\u00f3dz , L\u00f3dz , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"W\u00f3jcik-Cichy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of L\u00f3dz , L\u00f3dz , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmytro","family":"Zhyvytsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious, Tropical Diseases, and Immune Deficiency, Regional Hospital , Szczecin , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Witak-J\u0119dra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious, Tropical Diseases, and Immune Deficiency, Regional Hospital , Szczecin , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Leszczyszyn-Pynka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious, Tropical Diseases, and Immune Deficiency, Regional Hospital , Szczecin , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogusz","family":"Aksak-W\u0105s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases, and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Siwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Tropical Diseases, and Hepatology, Medical University in Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Cielniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Tropical Diseases, and Hepatology, Medical University in Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Olczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium , Bydgoszcz , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Szymczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease, and Acquired Immune Deficiencies, Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Szetela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease, and Acquired Immune Deficiencies, Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Boci\u0105ga-Jasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krak\u00f3w , 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