{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:09:38Z","timestamp":1789103378664,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000725","name":"The","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004417","name":"Global Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Scaling up a shorter preventive regimen such as weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) for 3 months is a priority for tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT). However, there are limited data on 3HP acceptability and completion from high-burden-TB countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We scaled up 3HP from 2018 to 2021 in 2 cities in Pakistan. Eligible participants were household contacts of persons diagnosed with TB disease. Participants were prescribed 3HP after ruling out TB disease. Treatment was self-administered. We analyzed the proportion who completed 3HP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Karachi, we verbally screened 22 054 household contacts of all ages. Of these, 83% were clinically evaluated and 3% were diagnosed with TB. Of household contacts without TB disease, 59% initiated the 3HP regimen, of which 69% completed treatment. In Peshawar, we verbally screened 6389 household contacts of all ages. We evaluated 95% of household contacts, of whom 2% were diagnosed with TB disease. Among those without TB disease, 65% initiated 3HP, of which 93% completed. Factors associated with higher 3HP completion included residence in Peshawar (risk ratio [RR], 1.35 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.32\u20131.37]), index patient being a male (RR, 1.03 [95% CI: 1.01\u20131.05]), and index patient with extrapulmonary TB compared to bacteriologically positive pulmonary TB (RR, 1.10 [95% CI: 1.06\u20131.14]). The age of the index patient was inversely associated with completion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We observed a high level of acceptance and completion of 3HP in programs implemented in 2 cities in Pakistan, with differences observed across the cities. These findings suggest that 3HP can be effectively scaled up in urban settings to improve the reach and impact of TPT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T15:34:43Z","timestamp":1682091283000},"page":"638-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Scale-Up of Rifapentine and Isoniazid for Tuberculosis Prevention Among Household Contacts in 2 Urban Centers: An Effectiveness Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Hamidah","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactive Research and Development Global , Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Jaswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactive Research and Development (IRD) Pakistan , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saira","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Program, The Indus Hospital and Health Network , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nauman","family":"Safdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactive Research and Development Global , Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falak","family":"Madhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programs Unit , Aga Khan Health Services Pakistan, Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shehla","family":"Noorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monitoring and Evaluation, UK Health Security Agency , London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheikh Shumail","family":"Shahbaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactive Research and Development Global , Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naseem","family":"Salahuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Program, The Indus Hospital and Health Network , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhana","family":"Amanullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Program, The Indus Hospital and Health Network , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saira","family":"Khowaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interactive Research and Development Global , Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadab","family":"Manzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Program, The Indus Hospital and Health Network , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsar Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Program, The Indus Hospital and Health Network , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zafar","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis Center District Headquarter Hospital Nowshera , Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Akber","family":"Dahri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Disease Control Sindh, Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muddasser","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Tuberculosis Control Program , Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , 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