{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:28:57Z","timestamp":1792841337868,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006392","name":"AIDS Clinical Trial Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1-AI-068618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1-AI-068618"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006392","name":"AIDS Clinical Trial Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30-AI-027757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-AI-027757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008091","name":"University of Rochester","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1AI069511)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1AI069511)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG063659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG063659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CO-US-380-5529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CO-US-380-5529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Frontier Science and Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is common and may result from persistent HIV replication in the central nervous system.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A5324 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 96-week trial of ART intensification with dolutegravir (DTG) + MVC, DTG + Placebo, or Dual - Placebo in PWH with plasma HIV RNA &amp;lt;50 copies\/mL on ART and NCI. The primary outcome was the change on the normalized total z score (ie, the mean of individual NC test z scores) at week 48.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 357 screened, 191 enrolled: 71% male, 51% Black race, 22% Hispanic ethnicity; mean age 52 years; mean CD4+ T-cells 681 cells\/\u00b5L. Most (65%) had symptomatic HIV-associated NC disorder. Study drug was discontinued due to an adverse event in 15 (8%) and did not differ between arms (P = .17). Total z score, depressive symptoms, and daily functioning improved over time in all arms with no significant differences between them at week 48 or later. Adjusting for age, sex, race, study site, efavirenz use, or baseline z score did not alter the results. Body mass index modestly increased over 96 weeks (mean increase 0.32 kg\/m2, P = .006) and did not differ between arms (P &amp;gt; .10).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is the largest, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ART intensification for NCI in PWH. The findings do not support empiric ART intensification as a treatment for NCI in PWH on suppressive ART. They also do not support that DTG adversely affects cognition, mood, or weight.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T10:27:45Z","timestamp":1684146465000},"page":"866-874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Antiretroviral Therapy Intensification for Neurocognitive Impairment in Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3490-4975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott L","family":"Letendre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California\u2013San Diego , San Diego, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huichao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"McKhann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhoanna","family":"Roa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DLH Corporation , Silver Spring, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S","family":"Daar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lundquist Institute at Harbor\u2013University of California\u2013Los Angeles Medical Center , Torrance, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baiba","family":"Berzins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California\u2013San Francisco , San Francisco, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina M","family":"Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine , Denver, Colorado , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W","family":"Coombs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0123-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobha","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard J C","family":"Macatangay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gene D","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DLH Corporation , Silver Spring, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rusin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DLH Corporation , Silver Spring, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L","family":"Greninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ViiV Healthcare Ltd, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly","family":"Alston-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Spudich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the A5324 Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32828e4e27","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in the HAART era","volume":"21","author":"Robertson","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318200d727","article-title":"HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study","volume":"75","author":"Heaton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283354a7b","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction in HIV patients despite long-standing suppression of viremia","volume":"24","author":"Simioni","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis507","article-title":"Improved neuropsychological and neurological functioning across three antiretroviral regimens in diverse resource-limited settings: AIDS Clinical Trials Group study a5199, the International Neurological Study","volume":"55","author":"Robertson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-011-0044-3","article-title":"A multinational study of neurological performance in antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-1-infected persons in diverse resource-constrained settings","volume":"17","author":"Robertson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-009-9096-z","article-title":"Neuropsychological assessment of HIV-infected populations in international settings","volume":"19","author":"Robertson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0415-2","article-title":"International neurocognitive normative study: neurocognitive comparison data in diverse resource-limited settings: AIDS clinical trials group A5271","volume":"22","author":"Robertson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2610","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010752","article-title":"Global prevalence and burden of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: a meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00421-0","article-title":"HIV, depression, and cognitive impairment in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy","volume":"16","author":"Rubin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002831","article-title":"Cognitive trajectories after treatment in acute HIV infection","volume":"35","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-021-00581-y","article-title":"Soluble biomarkers of cognition and depression in adults with HIV infection in the combination therapy era","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-017-0556-6","article-title":"Changing clinical phenotypes of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders","volume":"24","author":"Sacktor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-018-0643-3","article-title":"A composite of multisystem injury and neurocognitive impairment in HIV infection: association with everyday functioning","volume":"24","author":"Marquine","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100845","article-title":"Ensemble machine learning classification of daily living abilities among older people with HIV","volume":"35","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31826bfc53","article-title":"Synergistic effects of HIV infection and older age on daily functioning","volume":"61","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.11.040","article-title":"Implications of apathy and depression for everyday functioning in HIV\/AIDS in Brazil","volume":"150","author":"Kamat","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.6.923","article-title":"Progression to neuropsychological impairment in human immunodeficiency virus infection predicted by elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of human immunodeficiency virus RNA","volume":"59","author":"Ellis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-7-15","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin: an informative biomarker of central nervous system immune activation in HIV-1 infection","volume":"7","author":"Hagberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157160","article-title":"Increased intrathecal immune activation in virally suppressed HIV-1 infected patients with neurocognitive impairment","volume":"11","author":"Eden","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1086\/523648","article-title":"Immune activation of the central nervous system is still present after &gt;4 years of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"196","author":"Ed\u00e9n","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-012-0120-3","article-title":"Antiretroviral neurotoxicity","volume":"18","author":"Robertson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832c4152","article-title":"Impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and neurocognitive performance","volume":"23","author":"Marra","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31815ace97","article-title":"Persistent intrathecal immune activation in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"47","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.3390\/v14061151","article-title":"HIV antiretroviral medication neuropenetrance and neurocognitive outcomes in HIV+ adults: a review of the literature examining the central nervous system penetration effectiveness score","volume":"14","author":"Arentoft","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-021-09527-y","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of the effect of antiretroviral therapy on neurocognitive outcomes in adults living with HIV-1 in low-and middle-income countries","volume":"32","author":"Michael","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B26","article-title":"The effect of antiretroviral therapy with high central nervous system penetration on HIV-related cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Webb","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2007.31","article-title":"Validation of the CNS penetration-effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system","volume":"65","author":"Letendre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2560","article-title":"Revised central nervous system neuropenetration-effectiveness score is associated with cognitive disorders in HIV-infected patients with controlled plasma viraemia","volume":"18","author":"Ciccarelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2926","article-title":"Antiretroviral neuropenetration scores better correlate with cognitive performance of HIV-infected patients after accounting for drug susceptibility","volume":"20","author":"Fabbiani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-013-0228-0","article-title":"Central nervous system antiretroviral penetration and cognitive functioning in largely pretreated HIV-infected patients","volume":"20","author":"Casado","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000096","article-title":"Can high central nervous system penetrating antiretroviral regimens protect against the onset of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders?","volume":"28","author":"Vassallo","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0329-z","article-title":"The effects of antiretroviral treatment initiation on cognition in HIV-infected individuals with advanced disease in Pune, India","volume":"21","author":"Ghate","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0404-5","article-title":"Central nervous system penetration effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs and neuropsychological impairment in the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study","volume":"22","author":"Carvalhal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834171f8","article-title":"Effects of central nervous system antiretroviral penetration on cognitive functioning in the ALLRT cohort","volume":"25","author":"Smurzynski","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-016-0490-z","article-title":"A decreasing CD4\/CD8 ratio over time and lower CSF-penetrating antiretroviral regimens are associated with a higher risk of neurocognitive deterioration, independently of viral replication","volume":"23","author":"Vassallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.6677","article-title":"HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: antiretroviral regimen, central nervous system penetration effectiveness, and cognitive outcomes","volume":"103","author":"Cross","year":"2013","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit921","article-title":"Randomized trial of central nervous system-targeted antiretrovirals for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder","volume":"58","author":"Ellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2013.838939","article-title":"An investigation of the effects of antiretroviral central nervous system penetration effectiveness on procedural learning in HIV+ drug users","volume":"35","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2012.01052.x","article-title":"Cognitive function after several years of antiretroviral therapy with stable central nervous system penetration score","volume":"14","author":"Kahouadji","year":"2013","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000564","article-title":"Antiretroviral penetration into the CNS and incidence of AIDS-defining neurologic conditions","volume":"83","author":"Caniglia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B41","article-title":"Cross-sectional and cumulative longitudinal central nervous system penetration effectiveness scores are not associated with neurocognitive impairment in a well treated aging human immunodeficiency virus-positive population in Switzerland","volume":"6","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181ef70fe","article-title":"Maraviroc concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-infected patients","volume":"55","author":"Tiraboschi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833c9353","article-title":"Maraviroc-containing regimen suppresses HIV replication in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Melica","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04409.x","article-title":"In vitro effect of anti-human immunodeficiency virus CCR5 antagonist maraviroc on chemotactic activity of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells","volume":"166","author":"Rossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu477","article-title":"ING116070: a study of the pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of dolutegravir in cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naive subjects","volume":"59","author":"Letendre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b","article-title":"Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders","volume":"69","author":"Antinori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-013-0093-2","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and drug-interaction profile of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir","volume":"52","author":"Cottrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2010.535504","article-title":"Normative data and validation of a regression based summary score for assessing meaningful neuropsychological change","volume":"33","author":"Cysique","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz999","article-title":"Weight gain following initiation of antiretroviral therapy: risk factors in randomized comparative clinical trials","volume":"71","author":"Sax","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-016-9608-6","article-title":"The HIV protein gp120 alters mitochondrial dynamics in neurons","volume":"29","author":"Avdoshina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.3379","article-title":"HIV Tat protein and amyloid-beta peptide form multifibrillar structures that cause neurotoxicity","volume":"24","author":"Hategan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-016-0451-6","article-title":"Exosome-associated release, uptake, and neurotoxicity of HIV-1 Tat protein","volume":"22","author":"Rahimian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.53","article-title":"HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder\u2014pathogenesis and prospects for treatment","volume":"12","author":"Saylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI127413","article-title":"Persistent HIV-infected cells in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with poorer neurocognitive performance","volume":"129","author":"Spudich","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.11.036","article-title":"Plasma concentration of the neurofilament light protein (NFL) is a biomarker of CNS injury in HIV infection: a cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Gissl\u00e9n","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1086\/518043","article-title":"Elevated cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light protein concentrations predict the development of AIDS dementia complex","volume":"195","author":"Gissl\u00e9n","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59008-0","article-title":"Differences in transcriptional dynamics between T-cells and macrophages as determined by a three-state mathematical model","volume":"10","author":"DeMarino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0809571","article-title":"HIV DNA in circulating monocytes as a mechanism to dementia and other HIV complications","volume":"87","author":"Valcour","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002714","article-title":"Low-level HIV RNA in cerebrospinal fluid and neurocognitive performance: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"87","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bd10e7","article-title":"Vascular risk factors, HIV serostatus, and cognitive dysfunction in gay and bisexual men","volume":"73","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000951","article-title":"Maraviroc-intensified combined antiretroviral therapy improves cognition in virally suppressed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder","volume":"30","author":"Gates","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0279-x","article-title":"Treatment intensification with maraviroc (CCR5 antagonist) leads to declines in CD16-expressing monocytes in cART-suppressed chronic HIV-infected subjects and is associated with improvements in neurocognitive test performance: implications for HIV-associated neurocognitive disease (HAND)","volume":"20","author":"Ndhlovu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa473","article-title":"Improvement of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders after antiretroviral therapy intensification: the Neuro+3 study","volume":"76","author":"Force","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001181","article-title":"Differential CD4+ cell count increase and CD4+ : CD8+ ratio normalization with maraviroc compared with tenofovir","volume":"30","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01841-16","article-title":"Efavirenz is predicted to accumulate in brain tissue: an in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigation","volume":"61","author":"Curley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002628","article-title":"Antiretroviral drug concentrations in brain tissue of adult decedents","volume":"34","author":"Ferrara","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2018.1539278","article-title":"Antiretroviral concentrations and surrogate measures of efficacy in the brain tissue and CSF of preclinical species","volume":"49","author":"Srinivas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acz040","article-title":"Metabolic risk factors as differential predictors of profiles of neurocognitive impairment among older HIV+ and HIV- adults: an observational study","volume":"36","author":"Pasipanodya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00878-5","article-title":"Association of HIV serostatus and metabolic syndrome with neurobehavioral disturbances","volume":"26","author":"Pope","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1086\/650538","article-title":"Discordance between cerebral spinal fluid and plasma HIV replication in patients with neurological symptoms who are receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"50","author":"Canestri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-013-0207-5","article-title":"Genetic shift of env V3 loop viral sequences in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder during antiretroviral therapy","volume":"19","author":"Eggers","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-014-0065-0","article-title":"Single genome analysis reveals genetic characteristics of neuroadaptation across HIV-1 envelope","volume":"11","author":"Evering","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006112","article-title":"Early antiretroviral therapy is associated with lower HIV DNA molecular diversity and lower inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid but does not prevent the establishment of compartmentalized HIV DNA populations","volume":"13","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000395","article-title":"Compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originates from long-lived cells in some subjects with HIV-1-associated dementia","volume":"5","author":"Schnell","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001279","article-title":"Intolerance of dolutegravir-containing combination antiretroviral therapy regimens in real-life clinical practice","volume":"30","author":"de Boer","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12468","article-title":"Higher rates of neuropsychiatric adverse events leading to dolutegravir discontinuation in women and older patients","volume":"18","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1807653","article-title":"Neural-tube defects with dolutegravir treatment from the time of conception","volume":"379","author":"Zash","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905230","article-title":"Neural-tube defects and antiretroviral treatment regimens in Botswana","volume":"381","author":"Zash","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001590","article-title":"Adverse events of raltegravir and dolutegravir","volume":"31","author":"Elzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001269","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms in patients receiving dolutegravir","volume":"74","author":"Fettiplace","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2023100601383199100_ciad265-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-019-0257-8","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric outcomes before and after switching to dolutegravir-based therapy in an acute HIV cohort","volume":"17","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad265\/50680816\/ciad265.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/77\/6\/866\/51906217\/ciad265.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/77\/6\/866\/51906217\/ciad265.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T01:42:31Z","timestamp":1696556551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/77\/6\/866\/7162501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad265","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]}}}