{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:51:30Z","timestamp":1790743890313,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"US Centers Disease Control and Prevention"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding the changing epidemiology of adults hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) informs research priorities and public health policies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among adults (\u226518 years) hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed, acute COVID-19 between 11 March 2021, and 31 August 2022 at 21 hospitals in 18 states, those hospitalized during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron-predominant period (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4\/BA.5) were compared to those from earlier Alpha- and Delta-predominant periods. Demographic characteristics, biomarkers within 24 hours of admission, and outcomes, including oxygen support and death, were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 9825 patients, median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 60 years (47\u201372), 47% were women, and 21% non-Hispanic Black. From the Alpha-predominant period (Mar\u2013Jul 2021; N = 1312) to the Omicron BA.4\/BA.5 sublineage-predominant period (Jun\u2013Aug 2022; N = 1307): the percentage of patients who had \u22654 categories of underlying medical conditions increased from 11% to 21%; those vaccinated with at least a primary COVID-19 vaccine series increased from 7% to 67%; those \u226575 years old increased from 11% to 33%; those who did not receive any supplemental oxygen increased from 18% to 42%. Median (IQR) highest C-reactive protein and D-dimer concentration decreased from 42.0 mg\/L (9.9\u2013122.0) to 11.5 mg\/L (2.7\u201342.8) and 3.1 mcg\/mL (0.8\u2013640.0) to 1.0 mcg\/mL (0.5\u20132.2), respectively. In-hospital death peaked at 12% in the Delta-predominant period and declined to 4% during the BA.4\/BA.5-predominant period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared to adults hospitalized during early COVID-19 variant periods, those hospitalized during Omicron-variant COVID-19 were older, had multiple co-morbidities, were more likely to be vaccinated, and less likely to experience severe respiratory disease, systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, and death.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T12:51:37Z","timestamp":1685537497000},"page":"547-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Changing Severity and Epidemiology of Adults Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States After Introduction of COVID-19 Vaccines, March 2021\u2013August 2022"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3667-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah","family":"Kojima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley H","family":"Self","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee , 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