{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:23:51Z","timestamp":1790648631454,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH Director\u2019s Pioneer Award","award":["1DP1HD086071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1DP1HD086071"]}]},{"name":"NIH Director\u2019s Transformative Award","award":["1R01AI145057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI145057"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR002015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR002015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Genetech"},{"name":"N-Power Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus may be an underdiagnosed cause of neonatal sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We prospectively enrolled a cohort of 800 full-term neonates presenting with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis at 2 Ugandan hospitals. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction specific to P. thiaminolyticus and to the Paenibacillus genus were performed on the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 631 neonates who had both specimen types available. Neonates with Paenibacillus genus or species detected in either specimen type were considered to potentially have paenibacilliosis, (37\/631, 6%). We described antenatal, perinatal, and neonatal characteristics, presenting signs, and 12-month developmental outcomes for neonates with paenibacilliosis versus clinical sepsis due to other causes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Median age at presentation was 3 days (interquartile range 1, 7). Fever (92%), irritability (84%), and clinical signs of seizures (51%) were common. Eleven (30%) had an adverse outcome: 5 (14%) neonates died during the first year of life; 5 of 32 (16%) survivors developed postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) and 1 (3%) additional survivor had neurodevelopmental impairment without hydrocephalus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Paenibacillus species was identified in 6% of neonates with signs of sepsis who presented to 2 Ugandan referral hospitals; 70% were P. thiaminolyticus. Improved diagnostics for neonatal sepsis are urgently needed. Optimal antibiotic treatment for this infection is unknown but ampicillin and vancomycin will be ineffective in many cases. These results highlight the need to consider local pathogen prevalence and the possibility of unusual pathogens when determining antibiotic choice for neonatal sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T13:33:55Z","timestamp":1686317635000},"page":"768-775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Neonatal Paenibacilliosis: <i>Paenibacillus<\/i> Infection as a Novel Cause of Sepsis in Term Neonates With High Risk of Sequelae in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8765-2065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica E","family":"Ericson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7975-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathy","family":"Burgoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Mbale Regional Referral Hospital , Mbale , Uganda"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Mbale Regional Referral Hospital , Mbale , Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Kumbakumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology , Mbarara , Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moses","family":"Ochora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology , Mbarara , Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Hehnly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Bajunirwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology , Mbarara , Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Bazira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology , Mbarara , Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6723-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Fronterre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University , Lancaster , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Hagmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhaya V","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Senthil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Magombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda , Mbale , Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Mbabazi-Kabachelor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda , Mbale , Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah U","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedeh","family":"Movassagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mugamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda , Mbale , Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Mulondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda , Mbale , Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davis","family":"Natukwatsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda , Mbale , Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian Nsubuga","family":"Kaaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda , Mbale , 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