{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T23:01:31Z","timestamp":1762642891167,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"NCATS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Death within a specified time window following a positive SARS-CoV-2 test is used by some agencies for attributing death to COVID-19. With Omicron variants, widespread immunity, and asymptomatic screening, there is cause to re-evaluate COVID-19 death attribution methods and develop tools to improve case ascertainment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients who died following microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) and at Tufts Medical Center (TMC) were identified. Records of selected vaccinated VA patients with positive tests in 2022, and of all TMC patients with positive tests in 2021\u20132022, were manually reviewed to classify deaths as COVID-19\u2013related (either directly caused by or contributed to), focused on deaths within 30 days. Logistic regression was used to develop and validate a surveillance model for identifying deaths in which COVID-19 was causal or contributory.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among vaccinated VA patients who died \u226430 days after a positive test in January\u2013February 2022, death was COVID-19\u2013related in 103\/150 cases (69%) (55% causal, 14% contributory). In June\u2013August 2022, death was COVID-19\u2013related in 70\/150 cases (47%) (22% causal, 25% contributory). Similar results were seen among the 71 patients who died at TMC. A model including hypoxemia, remdesivir, and anti-inflammatory drugs had positive and negative predictive values of 0.82\u20130.95 and 0.64\u20130.83, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>By mid-2022, \u201cdeath within 30 days\u201d did not provide an accurate estimate of COVID-19\u2013related death in 2 US healthcare systems with routine admission screening. Hypoxemia and use of antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs\u2014variables feasible for reporting to public health agencies\u2014would improve classification of death as COVID-19\u2013related.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T12:02:28Z","timestamp":1687521748000},"page":"1247-1256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Maintaining the Utility of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Severity Surveillance: Evaluation of Trends in Attributable Deaths and Development and Validation of a Measurement Tool"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Trottier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"La","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Cooperative Studies Program , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy L","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majd","family":"Alsoubani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Austin D","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Cooperative Studies Program , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathanael R","family":"Fillmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Cooperative Studies Program , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Westyn","family":"Branch-Elliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Cooperative Studies Program , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Section, VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"VA Boston Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"VA National Artificial Intelligence Institute , Washington, DC , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shira","family":"Doron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Monach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Cooperative Studies Program , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"},{"name":"Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-022-00935-x","article-title":"Factors associated with the speed and scope of diffusion of COVID-19 therapeutics in a nationwide healthcare setting: a mixed-methods investigation","volume":"20","author":"La","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.79","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization metrics that do not account for disease severity underestimate protection provided by severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and boosting: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Corrigan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.13","article-title":"The COVID-19 hospitalization metric in the pre- and post-vaccination eras as a measure of pandemic severity: a retrospective, nationwide cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Fillmore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-0618","article-title":"Improving COVID-19 disease severity surveillance measures: statewide implementation experience","volume":"176","author":"Doron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7014e2","article-title":"Death certificate\u2013based ICD-10 diagnosis codes for COVID-19 mortality surveillance\u2014United States, January\u2013December 2020","volume":"70","author":"Gundlapalli","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B6"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.155","article-title":"Survey of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection control policies at leading US academic hospitals in the context of the initial pandemic surge of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) omicron variant","volume":"44","author":"Rhee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"author":"Federal Emergency Management Agency","key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B8"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0419","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000419","article-title":"Determining cause of death during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Nada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B10"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B11"},{"author":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists","key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B12"},{"author":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists","key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B13"},{"author":"Department of Veterans Affairs","key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B14"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2240037","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.40037","article-title":"Factors associated with severe COVID-19 among vaccinated adults treated in US Veterans Affairs hospitals","volume":"5","author":"Vo","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B16"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116846","article-title":"Early remdesivir to prevent progression to severe COVID-19 in outpatients","volume":"386","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202005-2007LE","article-title":"High-flow nasal cannula in critically III patients with severe COVID-19","volume":"202","author":"Demoule","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap Consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2024021012504687900_ciad381-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad381\/51076521\/ciad381.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/77\/9\/1247\/56655259\/ciad381.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/77\/9\/1247\/56655259\/ciad381.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T12:51:36Z","timestamp":1707569496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/77\/9\/1247\/7205387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad381","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1058-4838"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1537-6591"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]]}}}