{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:08:56Z","timestamp":1791486536623,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) plus or minus a concurrent diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and incident diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk factors associated with NAFLD or NASH development.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this prospective study, we analyzed people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) aged \u226518 years without excessive alcohol consumption or hepatitis coinfections. NAFLD was defined as controlled attenuation parameter \u2265248 dB\/m, whereas NASH with significant disease activity and liver fibrosis was defined as a FibroScan-AST score \u22650.67. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to investigate the association between NAFLD with or without NASH and new-onset DM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 847 PWH, the median age at baseline was 45 years (interquartile range, 38\u201351; 43% female). Baseline NAFLD was associated with 2.8-fold higher risk of new-onset DM after adjusting for age, sex, family history of DM, antiretroviral therapy duration, smoking, statin use, stavudine\/didanosine\/zidovudine exposure, time-updated body mass index, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Combined NAFLD and NASH at baseline had 3.1-fold higher new-onset DM risk. In separate analyses, baseline DM did not predict progression to NAFLD or NASH, but tenofovir alafenamide use was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (hazard ratio [HR], 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02\u20134.02) or NASH development (2.31; 95% CI, 1.12\u20135.11).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NAFLD alone or combined with NASH strongly predicts new-onset DM. This highlights the need for systematic risk assessments and management of NAFLD\/NASH, as it may contribute to metabolic complications such as DM and subsequent cardiovascular diseases in PWH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T13:26:41Z","timestamp":1689946001000},"page":"1687-1695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis With Liver Fibrosis as Predictors of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in People With HIV: A Longitudinal Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Win Min","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre , Bangkok , Thailand"},{"name":"Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney , Sydney , Australia"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanakorn","family":"Apornpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hay Mar Su","family":"Lwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siwat","family":"Thammapiwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jedsadakorn","family":"Boonrungsirisap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre , Bangkok , Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivaporn","family":"Gatechompol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre , Bangkok , Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasiwimol","family":"Ubolyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre , Bangkok , Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pisit","family":"Tangkijvanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre , Bangkok , Thailand"},{"name":"Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney , Sydney , Australia"},{"name":"Biostatistics Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anchalee","family":"Avihingsanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre , Bangkok , Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021012512460000_ciad433-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2024021012512460000_ciad433-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(22)00165-0","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and 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