{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T07:47:13Z","timestamp":1794037633444,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI068634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI068634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI068636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI068636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK126042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK126042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weight gain following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is common. We assessed the impact of changes in weight in the year following ART initiation with subsequent cardiometabolic disease among AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linear regression models were fit to examine the association between change in weight\/waist circumference (WC) in weeks 0\u201348 and change in metabolic parameters in weeks 0\u201348 and 48\u201396. Cox proportional hazard models were fit to examine the association between changes in weight\/WC in weeks 0\u201348 and diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome, or cardiometabolic and cardiovascular events after week 48.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (N = 2624) were primarily male (81%) and non-White (60%). Mean weight gain from 0\u201348 weeks was 3.6 kg (SD 7.3); 130 participants developed DM; 360 metabolic syndrome; 424 any cardiometabolic event; 28 any cardiovascular event, over 480 weeks of follow-up. In adjusted models, total cholesterol increased by 0.63 mg\/dL (95% confidence interval [CI] [.38, .089]) and LDL by 0.39 mg\/dL (0.19, 0.59) per 1 kg increase in weight from weeks 0 to48. Participants who experienced &amp;gt;10% weight gain (vs \u22125% to 5%) had an increased risk of DM (hazard ratio [HR] 2.01, 95% CI [1.30, 3.08]), metabolic syndrome (HR 2.24, 95% CI [1.55, 2.62]), and cardiometabolic outcomes (HR 1.54, 95% CI [1.22, 1.95]). Participants who lost more than 5% of their baseline weight had a lower risk of incident metabolic syndrome (HR 0.67, 95% CI [0.42, 1.07]). Trends for WC were similar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weight and body composition changes in the first year following ART initiation are associated with contemporaneous changes in metabolic parameters and subsequent cardiometabolic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T16:53:03Z","timestamp":1694191983000},"page":"395-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Weight Gain After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and Subsequent Risk of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2130-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara H","family":"Bares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingye","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Tassiopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan E","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L","family":"Koletar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University School of Medicine , Columbus, Ohio , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kalayjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MetroHealth , Cleveland, Ohio , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine M","family":"Erlandson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver , Aurora, Colorado , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12294","article-title":"Short-term weight gain after antiretroviral therapy initiation and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: the D:A:D study","volume":"17","author":"Achhra","year":"2016","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky145","article-title":"Obesity following ART initiation is common and influenced by both traditional and HIV-\/ART-specific risk factors","volume":"73","author":"Bakal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10106","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010106","article-title":"Increasing rates of obesity among HIV-infected persons during the HIV epidemic","volume":"5","author":"Crum-Cianflone","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2008.0082","article-title":"Obesity among patients with HIV: the latest epidemic","volume":"22","author":"Crum-Cianflone","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0147","article-title":"Rising obesity prevalence and weight gain among adults starting antiretroviral therapy in the United States and Canada","volume":"32","author":"Koethe","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0234","article-title":"Short communication: from wasting to obesity: initial antiretroviral therapy and weight gain in HIV-infected persons","volume":"29","author":"Lakey","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2348","article-title":"HIV infection and obesity: where did all the wasting go?","volume":"17","author":"Tate","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ192","article-title":"Weight change after antiretroviral therapy and mortality","volume":"60","author":"Yuh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.28608D","article-title":"Nutritional aspects of HIV-associated wasting in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"91","author":"Koethe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1310\/hct0904-269","article-title":"AIDS clinical trials group longitudinal linked randomized trials (ALLRT): rationale, design, and baseline characteristics","volume":"9","author":"Smurzynski","year":"2008","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7652408","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7652408","article-title":"10-Year weight gain in 13,802 US adults: the role of age, sex, and race","volume":"2022","author":"Tucker","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Obes"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v2.i1.8","article-title":"Excessive 5-year weight gain predicts metabolic syndrome development in healthy middle-aged adults","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8070950","article-title":"Body weight fluctuation as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: results from a nationwide cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws461","article-title":"Long- and short-term weight change and incident coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"178","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2017.6717","article-title":"HIV-infected women gain more weight than HIV-infected men following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"27","author":"Bares","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e471","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa177","article-title":"Risk factors for weight gain following switch to integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy","volume":"71","author":"Lake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz999","article-title":"Weight gain following initiation of antiretroviral therapy: risk factors in randomized comparative clinical trials","volume":"71","author":"Sax","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325958220904241","DOI":"10.1177\/2325958220904241","article-title":"The intersection of HIV, diabetes, and race: exploring disparities in diabetes care among people living with HIV","volume":"19","author":"Galaviz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194940","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194940","article-title":"Racial disparities in the prevalence and control of hypertension among a cohort of HIV-infected patients in the southeastern United States","volume":"13","author":"Burkholder","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0062","article-title":"Obesity is associated with race\/sex disparities in diabetes and hypertension prevalence, but not cardiovascular disease, among HIV-infected adults","volume":"31","author":"Willig","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1840503","article-title":"Management of infection among Medicare beneficiaries with HIV\/AIDS: risk of diabetes with protease inhibitors and associated racial disparities using big data approach","volume":"35","author":"Chinaeke","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000815","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for prediabetes and diabetes mellitus among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Nansseu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003127","article-title":"Sex differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence among persons with HIV","volume":"36","author":"Birabaharan","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001071","article-title":"Weight gain and incident diabetes among HIV-infected veterans initiating antiretroviral therapy compared with uninfected individuals","volume":"73","author":"Herrin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-022-00673-1","article-title":"Association between weight gain and the incidence of cardiometabolic conditions among people living with HIV-1 at high risk of weight gain initiated on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"11","author":"McComsey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"2024021719312861500_ciad545-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e474","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00094-7","article-title":"Associations between integrase strand-transfer inhibitors and cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV: a multicentre prospective study from the RESPOND cohort consortium","volume":"9","author":"Neesgaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad545\/52189219\/ciad545.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/78\/2\/395\/56697710\/ciad545.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/78\/2\/395\/56697710\/ciad545.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T14:31:44Z","timestamp":1708180304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/78\/2\/395\/7270437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad545","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]}}}