{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:04:02Z","timestamp":1792785842926,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"CDC Emerging Infections Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007590","name":"Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nontyphoidal Salmonella causes an estimated 1.35 million US infections annually. Antimicrobial-resistant strains are a serious public health threat. We examined the association between resistance and the clinical outcomes of hospitalization, length-of-stay \u22653 days, and death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We linked epidemiologic data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network with antimicrobial resistance data from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) for nontyphoidal Salmonella infections from 2004 to 2018. We defined any resistance as resistance to \u22651 antimicrobial and clinical resistance as resistance to ampicillin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (for the subset of isolates tested for all 5 agents). We compared outcomes before and after adjusting for age, state, race\/ethnicity, international travel, outbreak association, and isolate serotype and source.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty percent of isolates (1105\/5549) had any resistance, and 16% (469\/2969) had clinical resistance. Persons whose isolates had any resistance were more likely to be hospitalized (31% vs 28%, P = .01) or have length-of-stay \u22653 days (20% vs 16%, P = .01). Deaths were rare but more common among those with any than no resistance (1.0% vs 0.4%, P = .01). Outcomes for patients whose isolates had clinical resistance did not differ significantly from those with no resistance. After adjustment, any resistance (adjusted odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.04\u20131.46) remained significantly associated with hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed a significant association between nontyphoidal Salmonella infections caused by resistant pathogens and likelihood of hospitalization. Clinical resistance was not associated with poorer outcomes, suggesting that factors other than treatment failure (eg, strain virulence, strain source, host factors) may be important.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T14:33:36Z","timestamp":1697034816000},"page":"535-543","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Nontyphoidal\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Infections by Isolate Resistance\u2014Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 US Sites, 2004\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1165-1162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise K","family":"Francois Watkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beau B","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicita","family":"Medalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared L","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan C","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisha L","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment , Denver, Colorado , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayat","family":"Caidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia M","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032020255099000_ciad631-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2701.190676","article-title":"Estimate of burden and direct healthcare cost of infectious waterborne disease in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Collier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032020255099000_ciad631-B2","volume-title":"COVID-19: U.S. impact on antimicrobial resistance, special report 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