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The prognostic role of low CD4:CD8 ratio and elevated CD8 cell counts on the risk of cancer remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the association of CD4:CD8 ratio on the hazard of non-AIDS defining malignancy (NADM), AIDS-defining malignancy (ADM) and most frequent group of cancers in ART-treated people with HIV (PWH) with a CD4 and CD8 cell counts and viral load measurements at baseline. We developed Cox proportional hazard models with adjustment for known confounders of cancer risk and time-dependent cumulative and lagged exposures of CD4:CD8 ratio to account for time-evolving risk factors and avoid reverse causality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CD4:CD8 ratios below 0.5, compared to above 1.0, were independently associated with a 12-month time-lagged higher risk of ADM and infection-related malignancies (adjusted hazard ratio 2.61 [95% confidence interval {CI }1.10\u20136.19] and 2.03 [95% CI 1.24\u20133.33], respectively). CD4 cell counts below 350 cells\/\u03bcL were associated with an increased risk of NADMs and ADMs, as did infection, smoking, and body mass index-related malignancies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In ART-treated PWH low CD4:CD8 ratios were associated with ADM and infection-related cancers independently from CD4 and CD8 cell counts and may alert clinicians for cancer screening and prevention of NADM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T11:49:45Z","timestamp":1699012185000},"page":"995-1004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Measures of Longitudinal Immune Dysfunction and Risk of AIDS and Non-AIDS Defining Malignancies in Antiretroviral-Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency 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