{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T10:49:39Z","timestamp":1787222979411,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rustbelt CFAR"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008136","name":"Case Western Reserve University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008136","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007921","name":"University of Pittsburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI036219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI036219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The goals of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antiviral therapy early in the pandemic were to prevent severe disease, hospitalization, and death. As these outcomes have become infrequent in the age of widespread population immunity, the objectives have shifted. For the general population, COVID-19\u2013directed antiviral therapy should decrease symptom severity and duration and minimize infectiousness, and for immunocompromised individuals, antiviral therapy should reduce severe outcomes and persistent infection. The increased recognition of virologic rebound following ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (NMV\/r) and the lack of randomized controlled trial data showing benefit of antiviral therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for standard-risk, vaccinated individuals remain major knowledge gaps. Here, we review data for selected antiviral agents and immunomodulators currently available or in late-stage clinical trials for use in outpatients. We do not review antibody products, convalescent plasma, systemic corticosteroids, IL-6 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, or agents that lack Food and Drug Administration approval or emergency use authorization or are not appropriate for outpatients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T03:10:46Z","timestamp":1699672246000},"page":"908-917","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Review: The Landscape of Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19 in the Era of Widespread Population Immunity and Omicron-Lineage Viruses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric A","family":"Meyerowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center , Bronx, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101807464363000_ciad685-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4931","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32551-2","article-title":"Antiviral and clinical activity of bamlanivimab in a randomized trial of non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Chew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2024101807464363000_ciad685-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1330-0","article-title":"Development of the Flu-PRO: a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument to evaluate symptoms of 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