{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:08:47Z","timestamp":1792804127417,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Environmental contamination is suspected to play an important role in Candida auris transmission. Understanding speed and risks of contamination after room disinfection could inform environmental cleaning recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a prospective multicenter study of environmental contamination associated with C. auris colonization at 6 ventilator-capable skilled nursing facilities and 1 acute care hospital in Illinois and California. Known C. auris carriers were sampled at 5 body sites followed by sampling of nearby room surfaces before disinfection and at 0, 4, 8, and 12 hours after disinfection. Samples were cultured for C. auris and bacterial multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Odds of surface contamination after disinfection were analyzed using multilevel generalized estimating equations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 41 known C. auris carriers, colonization was detected most frequently on palms\/fingertips (76%) and nares (71%). C. auris contamination was detected on 32.2% (66\/205) of room surfaces before disinfection and 20.5% (39\/190) of room surfaces by 4 hours after disinfection. A higher number of C. auris\u2013colonized body sites was associated with higher odds of environmental contamination at every time point following disinfection, adjusting for facility of residence. In the rooms of 38 (93%) C. auris carriers co-colonized with a bacterial MDRO, 2%\u201324% of surfaces were additionally contaminated with the same MDRO by 4 hours after disinfection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>C. auris can contaminate the healthcare environment rapidly after disinfection, highlighting the challenges associated with environmental disinfection. Future research should investigate long-acting disinfectants, antimicrobial surfaces, and more effective patient skin antisepsis to reduce the environmental reservoir of C. auris and bacterial MDROs in healthcare settings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T17:22:45Z","timestamp":1701969765000},"page":"1276-1284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Rapid Environmental Contamination With <i>Candida auris<\/i> and Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Near Colonized Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1924-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E","family":"Sansom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8051-7613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle M","family":"Gussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine , Irvine California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3066-708X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Schoeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raveena D","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine , Irvine California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0864-1458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hira","family":"Adil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control Bureau, Chicago Department of Public Health , Chicago Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen C","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassiana E","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine , Irvine California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control Bureau, Chicago Department of Public Health , Chicago Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Del Mar Villanueva Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Carl","family":"Froilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago Illinois , 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Prevention , Atlanta Georgia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6638-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Pacilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control Bureau, Chicago Department of Public Health , Chicago Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pedroza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine , Irvine California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raheeb","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine , Irvine California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D Joseph","family":"Sexton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases 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University of California, Irvine School of Medicine , Irvine California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4603-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary K","family":"Hayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy054","article-title":"Candida auris: the recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen","volume":"57","author":"Forsberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14121","article-title":"Investigation of the first seven reported cases of Candida auris, a globally emerging invasive, multidrug-resistant fungus\u2014United States, May 2013\u2013August 2016","volume":"17","author":"Vallabhaneni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B3","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States","author":"CDC","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6619a7","article-title":"Notes from the field: ongoing transmission of Candida auris in health care facilities\u2014United States, June 2016\u2013May 2017","volume":"66","author":"Tsay","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2410.180649","article-title":"Candida auris in healthcare facilities, New York, USA, 2013\u20132017","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect 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strategies","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab327","article-title":"Positive correlation between Candida auris skin-colonization burden and environmental contamination at a ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility in Chicago","volume":"73","author":"Sexton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00921-17","article-title":"Survival, persistence, and isolation of the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogenic yeast Candida auris on a plastic health care surface","volume":"55","author":"Welsh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e718","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa435","article-title":"Regional emergence of Candida auris in Chicago and lessons learned from intensive follow-up at 1 ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility","volume":"71","author":"Pacilli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01383-w","article-title":"Integrated genomic, epidemiologic investigation of Candida auris skin colonization in a skilled nursing facility","volume":"27","author":"Proctor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0028721","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00287-21","article-title":"Skin metagenomic sequence analysis of early Candida auris outbreaks in U.S. nursing homes","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"2024051423590832400_ciad752-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7002e3","article-title":"Candida auris outbreak in a 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