{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:17:04Z","timestamp":1787008624510,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MV43991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MV43991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Versatile Emerging Infectious Disease Observatory","award":["874735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874735"]}]},{"name":"Rapid European SARS-CoV-2 Emergency Research Response","award":["101003589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003589"]}]},{"name":"ZorgOnderzoek Nederland en het gebied Medische wetenschappen","award":["10150062010005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10150062010005"]}]},{"name":"ZorgOnderzoek Nederland en het gebied Medische wetenschappen","award":["10430062010001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10430062010001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunocompromised patients (ICPs) have an increased risk for a severe and prolonged COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were extensively used in these patients, but data from randomized trials that focus on ICPs are lacking. We evaluated the clinical and virological outcome of COVID-19 in ICPs treated with mAbs across SARS-CoV-2 variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multicenter prospective cohort study, we enrolled B-cell\u2013 and\/or T-cell\u2013deficient patients treated with casirivimab\/imdevimab, sotrovimab, or tixagevimab\/cilgavimab. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was quantified and sequenced weekly, and time to viral clearance, viral genome mutations, hospitalization, and death rates were registered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred and forty five patients infected with the Delta (50%) or Omicron BA.1, 2, or 5 (50%) variant were enrolled. Sixty-seven percent were vaccinated; 78 treated as outpatients, of whom 2 required hospital admission, but both survived. Of the 159 patients hospitalized at time of treatment, 43 (27%) required mechanical ventilation or died. The median time to viral clearance was 14 days (interquartile range, 7\u201322); however, it took &amp;gt;30 days in 15%. Resistance-associated spike mutations emerged in 9 patients in whom the median time to viral clearance was 63 days (95% confidence interval, 57\u201369; P &amp;lt; .001). Spike mutations were observed in 1 of 42 (2.4%) patients after treatment with 2 active mAbs, in 5 of 34 (14.7%) treated with actual monotherapy (sotrovimab), and 3 of 20 (12%) treated with functional monotherapy (ie, tixagevimab\/cilgavimab against tixagevimab-resistant variant).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite treatment with mAbs, morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in ICPs remained substantial. Combination antiviral therapy should be further explored and may be preferred in severely ICPs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T16:39:02Z","timestamp":1707151142000},"page":"1514-1521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Clinical and Virological Outcome of Monoclonal Antibody Therapies Across SARS-CoV-2 Variants in 245 Immunocompromised Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9418-8256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sammy","family":"Huygens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corine","family":"GeurtsvanKessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Gharbharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Bogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Worp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Boter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannelore I","family":"Bax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda M","family":"Kampschreur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Leeuwarden , Leeuwarden , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert-Jan","family":"Hassing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel B","family":"Fiets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Amphia Hospital , Breda , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"Levenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Groene Hart Gouda , Gouda , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Miranda","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5204-2312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Koopmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3343-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart J A","family":"Rijnders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bas B","family":"Oude Munnink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center , Rotterdam , The 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