{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T20:37:23Z","timestamp":1784666243034,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI130058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI130058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI149620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI149620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K01AI156022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K01AI156022-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Secretary of Health of Mato Grosso do Sul"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An active search for tuberculosis cases through mass screening is widely described as a tool to improve case detection in hyperendemic settings. However, its effectiveness in high-risk populations, such as incarcerated people, is debated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Between 2017 and 2021, 3 rounds of mass screening were carried out in 3 Brazilian prisons. Social and health questionnaires, chest X-rays, and Xpert MTB\/RIF were performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>More than 80% of the prison population was screened. Overall, 684 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed. Prevalence across screening rounds was not statistically different. Among incarcerated persons with symptoms, the overall prevalence of tuberculosis per 100 000 persons was 8497 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7346\u20139811), 11 115 (95% CI, 9471\u201313 082), and 7957 (95% CI, 6380\u20139882) in screening rounds 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Similar to our overall results, there were no statistical differences between screening rounds and within individual prisons. We found no statistical differences in Computer-Aided Detection for TB version 5 scores across screening rounds among people with tuberculosis\u2014the median scores in rounds 1, 2, and 3 were 82 (interquartile range [IQR], 63\u201397), 77 (IQR, 60\u201394), and 81 (IQR, 67\u201392), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this environment with hyperendemic rates of tuberculosis, 3 rounds of mass screening did not reduce the overall tuberculosis burden. In prisons, where a substantial number of tuberculosis cases is undiagnosed annually, a range of complementary interventions and more frequent tuberculosis cases screening may be required.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T22:19:05Z","timestamp":1707344345000},"page":"1669-1676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Serial Mass Screening for Tuberculosis Among Incarcerated Persons in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1474-5236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaele Carla","family":"Pivetta de Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"da Silva Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Everton","family":"Ferreira Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Dias de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing Course, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Dourados ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Croda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e2maris","family":"Porto Batestin Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Beatriz Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Lemes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunice Atsuko Totumi","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology, Central Laboratory of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande, Mato Gross do Sul ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais Oliveira","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacteriology, Central Laboratory of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande, Mato Gross do Sul ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Cesar","family":"Pereira dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Oliveira da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crhistinne","family":"Cavalheiro Maymone Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Croda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health , New Haven, Connecticut ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B1","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32389-4","article-title":"Alma-Ata at 40 years: reflections from the Lancet Commission on Investing in Health","volume":"392","author":"Watkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200149","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00149-2022","article-title":"Commemorating World Tuberculosis Day 2022: recent ERJ articles of critical relevance to ending TB and saving lives","volume":"59","author":"Migliori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.21.0148","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on TB: a review of the data","volume":"25","author":"McQuaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1289","article-title":"Collateral impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on tuberculosis control in Jiangsu Province, China","volume":"73","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B6","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.03.041","article-title":"Drivers of tuberculosis epidemics: the role of risk factors and social determinants","volume":"68","author":"L\u00f6nnroth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e806","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30199-1","article-title":"Feasibility of achieving the 2025 WHO global tuberculosis targets in South Africa, China, and India: a combined analysis of 11 mathematical models","volume":"4","author":"Houben","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(64)80081-7","article-title":"Changes in the pattern of respiratory tuberculosis in an urban community following a mass radiography campaign","volume":"45","author":"Wallace","year":"1964","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(64)80016-7","article-title":"Review of mass radiography services; a report by the Joint Tuberculosis Council","volume":"45","author":"Oommen","year":"1964","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B11","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Active case finding of tuberculosis: historical perspective and future prospects","volume":"9","author":"Golub","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100090","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00090-2021","article-title":"Active case-finding of tuberculosis in general populations and at-risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Bohlbro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002355","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-002355","article-title":"Estimating the yield of tuberculosis from key populations to inform targeted interventions in South Africa: a scoping review","volume":"5","author":"Chimoyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05283-1","article-title":"Tuberculosis active case-finding interventions and approaches for prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review","volume":"20","author":"Kuupiel","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902129","article-title":"Community-wide screening for tuberculosis in a high-prevalence setting","volume":"381","author":"Marks","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2114176","article-title":"A direct measure of tuberculosis incidence\u2014effect of community screening","volume":"386","author":"Marks","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0059","article-title":"Screening for active tuberculosis: methodological challenges in implementation and evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Golub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa135","article-title":"Yield, efficiency and costs of mass screening algorithms for tuberculosis in Brazilian prisons","volume":"72","author":"Santos A da","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B19","first-page":"100388","article-title":"Evaluation of chest X-ray with automated interpretation algorithms for mass tuberculosis screening in prisons: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Soares","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health\u2014Am"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B20"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B21","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0110","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis to prevent tuberculosis infection in prison inmates: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"Dias de Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e300","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00025-6","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in incarcerated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Cords","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00322-0","article-title":"Turning off the tap: stopping tuberculosis transmission through active case-finding and prompt effective treatment","volume":"386","author":"Yuen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B25","first-page":"24","article-title":"Delayed tuberculosis diagnosis and tuberculosis transmission","volume":"10","author":"Golub","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1868-5","article-title":"Impact of mass-screening on tuberculosis incidence in a prospective cohort of Brazilian prisoners","volume":"16","author":"Pai\u00e3o","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00522022","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0052-2022","article-title":"Tuberculosis in prison inmates in Southern Brazil: investigating the epidemiological and operational indicators","volume":"55","author":"Busatto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0743","article-title":"The benefits to communities and individuals of screening for active tuberculosis disease: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Kranzer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025052111281765300_ciae055-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab847","article-title":"Pooling sputum samples for efficient mass tuberculosis screening in prisons","volume":"74","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae055\/57236244\/ciae055.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/78\/6\/1669\/58212095\/ciae055.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/78\/6\/1669\/58212095\/ciae055.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T15:28:26Z","timestamp":1747841306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/78\/6\/1669\/7603111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]}}}