{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T08:24:00Z","timestamp":1791620640919,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000096","name":"National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21MD018707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21MD018707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AIDS Research Institute at UCSF"},{"name":"UCSF Center for AIDS Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over the past 2 decades, cases of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia have been rising in the United States, disproportionately among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, as well as racial and ethnic minorities of all genders. In this review, we address updates about the evidence on doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis for prevention of bacterial STIs, including efficacy, safety, antimicrobial resistance, acceptability, modeling population impact, and evolving guidelines for use. Equitable implementation of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis will require evaluation of who is offered and initiates it, understanding patterns of use and longer term STI incidence and antimicrobial resistance, provider training, and tailored community education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T07:52:28Z","timestamp":1707119548000},"page":"312-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Filling in the Gaps: Updates on Doxycycline Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-4465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Hazra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of Chicago Medicine , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Howard Brown Health , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moira C","family":"McNulty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of Chicago Medicine , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Pagkas-Bather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of Chicago Medicine , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose I","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Pickett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenell","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute Division of Infectious Diseases, , Minneapolis, Minnesota ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert K","family":"Bolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles LGBT Center (The Center) , Los Angeles, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris Cit\u00e9, Saint-Louis and Lariboisi\u00e8re Hospitals, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Celum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne F","family":"Luetkemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D","family":"Klausner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B1","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2021","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz866","article-title":"Doxycycline prophylaxis for bacterial sexually transmitted infections","volume":"70","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000216","article-title":"Doxycycline prophylaxis to reduce incident syphilis among HIV-infected men who have sex with men who continue to engage in high-risk sex: a randomized, controlled pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Bolan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30725-9","article-title":"Post-exposure prophylaxis with doxycycline to prevent sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: an open-label randomised substudy of the ANRS IPERGAY trial","volume":"18","author":"Molina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211934","article-title":"Postexposure doxycycline to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections","volume":"388","author":"Luetkemeyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B6","author":"Molina"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304007","article-title":"Doxycycline prophylaxis to prevent sexually transmitted infections in women","volume":"389","author":"Stewart","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B8","author":"Tattersall"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B9","author":"Grennan"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B10","author":"CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B11","author":"NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B12","author":"Mohammed"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001865","article-title":"Safety of longer-term doxycycline use: a systematic review and meta-analysis with implications for bacterial sexually transmitted infection chemoprophylaxis","volume":"50","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B14","author":"Perkins"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001395","article-title":"Interest, concerns, and attitudes among men who have sex with men and health care providers toward prophylactic use of doxycycline against Chlamydia trachomatis infections and syphilis","volume":"48","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3001.231152","article-title":"Use of doxycycline to prevent sexually transmitted infections according to provider characteristics","volume":"30","author":"Pearson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B17","author":"Luetkemeyer"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dlac009","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlac009","article-title":"A systematic review of the impacts of oral tetracycline class antibiotics on antimicrobial resistance in normal human flora","volume":"4","author":"Truong","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001810","article-title":"Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis could induce cross-resistance to other classes of antimicrobials in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an in silico analysis","volume":"50","author":"Vanbaelen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e268","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00359-6","article-title":"Selection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae ceftriaxone resistance using doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis","volume":"23","author":"Whiley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad279","article-title":"A genomic perspective on the near-term impact of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis on Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance","volume":"77","author":"Mortimer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad129","article-title":"Important considerations regarding the widespread use of doxycycline chemoprophylaxis against sexually transmitted infections","volume":"78","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20885","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.34.20885","article-title":"Gonococcal infections and emergence of gonococcal decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins in France, 2001 to 2012","volume":"19","author":"La Ruche","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad488","article-title":"Potential impact of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis prescribing strategies on incidence of bacterial sexually transmitted infections","volume":"82","author":"Traeger","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624211042444","article-title":"Countering the rise of syphilis: a role for doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis?","volume":"33","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B26","author":"Cornelisse"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2022-055425","article-title":"BASHH updated position statement on doxycycline as prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections","volume":"98","author":"Kohli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B28","author":"European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS)"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.15282","article-title":"Position statement of the German STI Society on the prophylactic use of doxycycline to prevent STIs (doxy-PEP, doxy-PrEP)","volume":"Epub ahead of print","author":"Werner","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.22246","article-title":"Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2022 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel","volume":"329","author":"Gandhi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B31","volume-title":"Guidelines for the use of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis for bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B32","author":"National Coalition of STD Directors"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B33","author":"California Department of Public Health STD Control Branch"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B34","author":"Chicago Department of Public Health"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B35","author":"State of Michigan Department of Health and Human Services"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B36","author":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B37","volume-title":"Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections [internet]","author":"DiMarco","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B38"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B39","author":"Public Health\u2014Seattle and King County"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B40","author":"San Francisco Department of Public Health"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e568","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30186-9","article-title":"Use of doxycycline prophylaxis among gay and bisexual men in Melbourne","volume":"6","author":"Chow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054325","article-title":"Use of doxycycline and other antibiotics to prevent STIs among men who have sex with men visiting sexual health clinics in The Netherlands","volume":"96","author":"Evers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e482","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30210-8","article-title":"Doxycycline use in MSM taking PrEP","volume":"5","author":"Carveth-Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"9S","key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B44","first-page":"S51","article-title":"Doxycycline prophylaxis use among cisgender men and transgender persons who have sex with men in Seattle","volume":"47","author":"Dombrowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B45"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.905706","article-title":"\u2018Triply cursed\u2019: racism, homophobia and HIV-related stigma are barriers to regular HIV testing, treatment adherence and disclosure among young Black gay men","volume":"16","author":"Arnold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03571-8","article-title":"Preferences for HIV preexposure prophylaxis products among black women in the U.S","volume":"26","author":"Irie","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa566","article-title":"\u201cEnding the epidemic\u201d will not happen without addressing racial\/ethnic disparities in the United States human immunodeficiency virus epidemic","volume":"71","author":"Nosyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-020-01828-2","article-title":"Syndemic health disparities and sexually transmitted infection burden among black men who have sex with men engaged in sex work in the U.S","volume":"50","author":"Chandler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000942","article-title":"High interest in doxycycline for sexually transmitted infection postexposure prophylaxis in a multicity survey of men who have sex with men using a social networking application","volume":"46","author":"Spinelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B51","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Roundtable on health disparities. Challenges and successes in reducing health disparities: workshop summary","author":"Institute of Medicine (US)","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001552","article-title":"Report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine-STI: adopting a sexual health paradigm-a synopsis for sexually transmitted infection practitioners, clinicians, and researchers","volume":"49","author":"Rietmeijer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03748-9","article-title":"Multi-level factors driving pre-exposure prophylaxis non-initiation among young women at high risk for HIV in Kenya","volume":"27","author":"Katz","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-022-03744-z","article-title":"\u201cYes, I\u2019m reminded, but it doesn\u2019t mean I\u2019m taking them\u201d: experiences with short message service reminder use in real-time monitoring of HIV PrEP among young women in Kenya","volume":"27","author":"Ogello","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B55","author":"Marrazzo"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00005-7","article-title":"Teratogenic study of doxycycline","volume":"89","author":"Czeizel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad357","article-title":"Antibiotic myths for the infectious diseases clinician","volume":"77","author":"McCreary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1913547","article-title":"Where were the women? Gender parity in clinical trials","volume":"381","author":"Goldstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2311948","article-title":"Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis for STIs in women\u2014uncertain benefit, urgent need","volume":"389","author":"Marrazzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031306470557000_ciae062-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26049","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.26049","article-title":"Missed opportunities for HIV testing among those who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) services, tested for STIs and diagnosed with STIs: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Saleem","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae062\/57032926\/ciae062.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/82\/2\/312\/57032926\/ciae062.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/82\/2\/312\/57032926\/ciae062.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T10:47:16Z","timestamp":1773398836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/82\/2\/312\/7601780"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae062","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]]}}}