{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T14:19:10Z","timestamp":1785161950324,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014101","name":"Novavax","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012399","name":"Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical CBRN"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911QY20C0077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911QY20C0077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"HVTN Statistics and Data Management Center","award":["UM1 AI68635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI68635"]}]},{"name":"HVTN Laboratory Center","award":["UM1 AI68618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI68618"]}]},{"name":"HIV Prevention Trials Network Leadership and Operations Center","award":["UM1 AI68619"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI68619"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006392","name":"AIDS Clinical Trials Group Leadership and Operations Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 AI68636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI68636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium leadership group","award":["UM1 AI148684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI148684"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Protein-based vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) provide a traditional vaccine platform with long-lasting protection for non\u2013severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogens and may complement messenger RNA vaccines as a booster dose. While NVX-CoV2373 showed substantial early efficacy, the durability of protection has not been delineated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The PREVENT-19 vaccine trial used a blinded crossover design; the original placebo arm received NVX-CoV2373 after efficacy was established. Using novel statistical methods that integrate surveillance data of circulating strains with post-crossover cases, we estimated placebo-controlled vaccine efficacy and durability of NVX-CoV2373 against both pre-Delta and Delta strains of SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vaccine efficacy against pre-Delta strains of COVID-19 was 89% (95% CI, 75\u201395%) and 87% (72\u201394%) at 0 and 90 days after 2 doses of NVX-CoV2373, respectively, with no evidence of waning (P = .93). Vaccine efficacy against the Delta strain was 88% (71\u201395%), 82% (56\u201392%), and 77% (44\u201390%) at 40, 120, and 180 days, respectively, with evidence of waning (P &amp;lt; .01). In sensitivity analyses, the estimated Delta vaccine efficacy at 120 days ranged from 66% (15\u201386%) to 89% (74\u201395%) per various assumptions of the surveillance data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NVX-CoV2373 has high initial efficacy against pre-Delta and Delta strains of COVID-19 with little evidence of waning for pre-Delta strains through 90 days and moderate waning against Delta strains over 180 days.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T11:13:31Z","timestamp":1708341211000},"page":"78-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Durability of Protection Against COVID-19 Through the Delta Surge for the NVX-CoV2373 Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Dean","family":"Follmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson","family":"Mateja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P","family":"Fay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A","family":"Magaret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunda","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youyi","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6313-1927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Angier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, Washington , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Nason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L","family":"Gay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Kotloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novavax , Gaithersburg, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iksung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novavax , Gaithersburg, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M","family":"Dunkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novavax , Gaithersburg, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024071918111750300_ciae081-B1","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2024071918111750300_ciae081-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl2974","article-title":"Should you pick Novavax\u2019s COVID-19 shot over mRNA 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