{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:14:55Z","timestamp":1788311695264,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"California HIV-1 Research Program","award":["EI11-LA-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EI11-LA-002"]}]},{"name":"California HIV-1 Research Program","award":["R01AA022067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA022067"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institutes of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH108412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH108412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institutes of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH106369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH106369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Doris Duke Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_00004\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_00004\/03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine\/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F\/TDF) has high efficacy against HIV-1 acquisition. Seventy-two prospective studies of daily oral F\/TDF PrEP were conducted to evaluate HIV-1 incidence, drug resistance, adherence, and bone and renal safety in diverse settings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV-1 incidence was calculated from incident HIV-1 diagnoses after PrEP initiation and within 60 days of discontinuation. Tenofovir concentrations in dried blood spots (DBS), drug resistance, and bone\/renal safety indicators were evaluated in a subset of studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 17 274 participants, there were 101 cases with new HIV-1 diagnosis (.77 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .63\u2013.94). In 78 cases with resistance data, 18 (23%) had M184I or V, 1 (1.3%) had K65R, and 3 (3.8%) had both mutations. In 54 cases with tenofovir concentration data from DBS, 45 (83.3%), 2 (3.7%), 6 (11.1%), and 1 (1.9%) had average adherence of &amp;lt;2, 2\u22123, 4\u22126, and \u22657 doses\/wk, respectively, and the corresponding incidence was 3.9 (95% CI: 2.9\u20135.3), .24 (.060\u2013.95), .27 (.12\u2013.60), and .054 (.008\u2013.38) per 100 person-years. Adherence was low in younger participants, Hispanic\/Latinx and Black participants, cisgender women, and transgender women. Bone and renal adverse event incidence rates were 0.69 and 11.8 per 100 person-years, respectively, consistent with previous reports.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Leveraging the largest pooled analysis of global PrEP studies to date, we demonstrate that F\/TDF is safe and highly effective, even with less than daily dosing, in diverse clinical settings, geographies, populations, and routes of HIV-1 exposure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T18:34:44Z","timestamp":1710441284000},"page":"1197-1207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Type 1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Incidence, Adherence, and Drug Resistance in Individuals Taking Daily Emtricitabine\/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for HIV-1 Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: Pooled Analysis From 72 Global Studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Raphael J","family":"Landovitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education , Los Angeles, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc , Foster City, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc , Foster City, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Inc , Foster City, California 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