{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:49:40Z","timestamp":1770814180777,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>During pandemics, healthcare providers struggle with balancing obligations to self, family, and patients. While HIV\/AIDS seemed to settle this issue, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rekindled debates regarding treatment refusal. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science using terms including obligation, refusal, HIV\/AIDS, COVID-19, and pandemics. After duplicate removal and dual, independent screening, we analyzed 156 articles for quality, ethical position, reasons, and concepts. Diseases in our sample included HIV\/AIDS (72.2%), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (10.2%), COVID-19 (10.2%), Ebola (7.0%), and influenza (7.0%). Most articles (81.9%, n = 128) indicated an obligation to treat. COVID-19 had the highest number of papers indicating ethical acceptability of refusal (60%, P &amp;lt; .001), while HIV had the least (13.3%, P = .026). Several reason domains were significantly different during COVID-19, including unreasonable risks to self\/family (26.7%, P &amp;lt; .001) and labor rights\/workers' protection (40%, P &amp;lt; .001). A surge in ethics literature during COVID-19 has advocated for permissibility of treatment refusal. Balancing healthcare provision with workforce protection is crucial in effectively responding to a global pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T09:30:37Z","timestamp":1723800637000},"page":"339-347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Ethical Obligation to Treat Infectious Patients: A Systematic Review of Reasons"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0410-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Braylee","family":"Grisel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kavneet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonal","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gorenshtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chinecherem","family":"Chime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"O\u2019Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avani","family":"Vasireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Won","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santita","family":"Ebangwese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Tripoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Lumpkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Ginsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cantrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Texas Christian University , Fort Worth, Texas , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2056-1820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krista","family":"Haines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Acute, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024081609303321300_ciae162-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06517-x","article-title":"Health care workers' 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