{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:10:25Z","timestamp":1780575025127,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Support Committee"},{"name":"for IVI"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017634","name":"LG Electronics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017634","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Government of the Republic of Korea"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004441","name":"Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004441","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cholera outbreaks have afflicted Ethiopia, with nearly 100 000 cases and 1030 deaths reported from 2015 to 2023, emphasizing the critical need to understand water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional household (HH) survey among 870 HHs in Shashemene Town and Shashemene Woreda, alongside extracting retrospective cholera case data from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute database. Relationships between WaSH and sociodemographic\/economic-levels of HHs were examined. WaSH status and cholera attack rates (ARs) were described at kebele-level using geospatial mapping, and their association was statistically analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Access to basic drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities was limited, with 67.5% (95% confidence interval, 64.4\u201370.6), 73.4% (70.3\u201376.3), and 30.3% (27.3\u201333.3) of HHs having access, respectively. Better WaSH practices were associated with urban residence (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7, [95% confidence interval, 1.1\u20132.7]), higher educational levels (2.7 [1.2\u20135.8]), and wealth (2.5 [1.6\u20134.0]). The association between cholera ARs and at least basic WaSH status was not statistically significant (multiple R2 = 0.13; P = .36), although localized effects were suggested for sanitation (Moran I = 0.22; P = .024).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Addressing gaps in WaSH access and hygiene practices is crucial for reducing cholera risk. Further analyses with meaningful covariates and increased sample sizes are necessary to understand the association between cholera AR and specific WaSH components.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T16:55:22Z","timestamp":1720803322000},"page":"S53-S62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dissecting Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) to Assess Risk Factors for Cholera in Shashemene, Oromia Region, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Dejene","family":"Hailu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory, Evaluation (CARE) Unit, International Vaccine Institute , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Hawassa University , Hawassa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonji","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory, Evaluation (CARE) Unit, International Vaccine Institute , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"Gedefaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory, Evaluation (CARE) Unit, International Vaccine Institute , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University , Hawassa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact (EPIC) Unit, International Vaccine Institute , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of 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Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geun Hyeog","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact (EPIC) Unit, International Vaccine Institute , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mukasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact (EPIC) Unit, International Vaccine Institute , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gi Deok","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact (EPIC) Unit, International Vaccine Institute , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deok Ryun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Public Health, Impact (EPIC) Unit, International Vaccine Institute , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuyel","family":"Ayele Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistics and Data Management Department, Armauer Hansen Research Institute , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biruk","family":"Yeshitela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial and Viral Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moti","family":"Edosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopia Public Health Institute , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeshambel","family":"Worku Demlie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health 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