{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:07:49Z","timestamp":1787166469519,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Routine sexually transmitted infection and human immunodeficiency virus (STI\/HIV) testing and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use are recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM) at increased risk of HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using HealthVerity, a large administrative dataset in the United States, we assessed STI\/HIV testing, chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity by specimen type, and HIV PrEP use among MSM and men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) at their first visits (index date) for those at increased risk of HIV and STIs from 2019 through 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 81 716 MSM and MSMW aged 15\u201364 years at their index date visit, STI testing rates were 57.9% for chlamydia, 58.1% for gonorrhea, and 52.2% for syphilis testing, respectively; 55.5%, 30.9%, and 18.1% had HIV testing, HIV PrEP use, and PrEP initiation, respectively, among the patients who did not have HIV. Of patients with chlamydia and gonorrhea testing, 48% were tested from the genital site only and 25% from 3 anatomic sites (rectal, pharyngeal, and urogenital). Chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity was 9.8% for chlamydia rectal infection, 7.3% for gonorrhea rectal infection, and 5.3% for gonorrhea pharyngeal infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results present current medical services provided during initial clinic visits for MSM and MSMW in private outpatient settings. Our study suggests that the assessment of STI\/HIV testing is periodically needed due to the high prevalence of infection, and efforts to promote HIV PrEP for MSM and MSMW in private settings are urgently needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T13:48:04Z","timestamp":1718027284000},"page":"e380-e386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)\/HIV Testing, STIs, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in the United States, 2019\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Guoyu","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":", Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention Division of STD Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirag G","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention Division of STD Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention Division of STD Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"ORISE Fellow, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Workowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention Division of STD Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B2","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.14461","article-title":"Preexposure prophylaxis to prevent acquisition of HIV: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"330","author":"Barry","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002686","article-title":"Changing patterns of sexual behavior and HIV\/STI among men who have sex with men in Seattle, 2002 to 2018","volume":"87","author":"Khosropour","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181e50058","article-title":"STD screening of HIV-infected MSM in HIV clinics","volume":"37","author":"Hoover","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0200338","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200338","article-title":"PrEP implementation by local health departments in US cities and counties: findings from a 2015 assessment of local health departments","volume":"13","author":"Weiss","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002482","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis use and detected sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in the United States-National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 5 US cities, 2017","volume":"85","author":"Chapin-Bardales","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1260-1","article-title":"Risk perception and interest in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men with rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia infection","volume":"48","author":"Biello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.4683","article-title":"Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection integrated with municipal- and community-based sexual health services","volume":"176","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112425","article-title":"Access to healthcare, HIV\/STI testing, and preferred pre-exposure prophylaxis providers among men who have sex with men and men who engage in street-based sex work in the US","volume":"9","author":"Underhill","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2021.09.008","article-title":"STI\/HIV testing and prevalence of gonorrhea and chlamydia among persons with their specified-type sex partner","volume":"135","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001145","article-title":"Frequency of sexually transmitted infection\/HIV testing among commercially insured patients with International Classification of Disease Tenth Revision specified sex partners","volume":"47","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001336","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infection\/HIV testing among Medicaid\/Children\u2019s Health Insurance Program-insured enrollees aged 15 to 60 years who were diagnosed with high-risk sexual behaviors with their opposite-sex or same-sex partners","volume":"48","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001665","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infection testing, prevalence, and treatment among individuals receiving HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis within an integrated healthcare delivery system","volume":"49","author":"Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw594","article-title":"Rectal infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in men in the United States","volume":"63","author":"Tao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw701","article-title":"Uptake of HIV preexposure prophylaxis among commercially insured persons\u2014United States, 2010\u20132014","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix595","article-title":"Laboratory testing of a cohort of commercially insured users of HIV preexposure prophylaxis in the United States, 2011\u20132015","volume":"217","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7025a1","article-title":"HIV testing trends among persons with commercial insurance or Medicaid\u2014United States, 2014\u20132019","volume":"70","author":"Henny","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B19","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B20","author":"New York State Department of Health and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2024984","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.24984","article-title":"Changes in health services use among commercially insured US populations during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Whaley","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001638","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chlamydia and gonorrhea tests performed by a large national laboratory\u2014United States, 2019\u20132020","volume":"49","author":"Tao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026031306470697400_ciae314-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.03.009","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chlamydia and gonorrhea screening in the U.S","volume":"61","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae314\/58365073\/ciae314.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/82\/2\/e380\/58365073\/ciae314.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/82\/2\/e380\/58365073\/ciae314.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T10:47:17Z","timestamp":1773398837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/82\/2\/e380\/7690699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]}}}