{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:57:20Z","timestamp":1787669840258,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"NIHR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014653","name":"Manchester Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR203308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019690","name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N006364\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N006364\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIHR Exeter Biomedical Research Centre"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cerebral aspergillosis (CA) is associated with high mortality. According to the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines, the recommended first-line treatment for all forms of aspergillosis is voriconazole or isavuconazole. However, little is known about the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole in CA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a European multicenter retrospective study of patients treated with isavuconazole for proven or probable CA between 2014 and 2022 and compared the outcomes with those of weighted control groups from the previously published French national cohort of CA, the Cerebral Aspergillosis Lesional Study (CEREALS).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Forty patients from 10 countries were included. The main underlying conditions were hematological malignancies (53%) and solid-organ transplantation (20%). Isavuconazole was administered as a first-line treatment to 10 patients, primarily in combination therapy, resulting in control of CA in 70% of these cases. Thirty patients received isavuconazole after a median of 65 days on another therapy, mostly because of side effects (50%) or therapeutic failure (23%) of the previous treatment. Predominantly given as monotherapy, it achieved control of CA in 73% of the patients. Seventeen patients (43%) underwent neurosurgery. When measured, isavuconazole levels were low in cerebrospinal fluid but adequate in serum and brain tissue. Isavuconazole toxicity led to treatment interruption in 7.5% of the patients. Twelve-week mortality was 18%. Comparison with the CEREALS cohort showed comparable survival in patients receiving isavuconazole or voriconazole as a first-line treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Isavuconazole appears to be a well-tolerated treatment. Mortality of CA treated with isavuconazole is similar to that reported with voriconazole.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T19:36:33Z","timestamp":1722368193000},"page":"936-943","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["European Study of Cerebral Aspergillosis treated with Isavuconazole (ESCAI): A study by the ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-4662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Serris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1071-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riina","family":"Rautemaa-Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Reference Centre Manchester and Department of Infectious Diseases, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana D","family":"Laranjinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de Braga , Braga ,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4436-1310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Candoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hematology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8915-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Garcia-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona , Barcelona ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8651-4405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Alastruey-Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Reference laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) (CB21\/13\/00009), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5859-1056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Hammarstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-3117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danila","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne , Cologne ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM) , Cologne ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3158-119X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Styczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Collegium Medicum , Bydgoszcz ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-7775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Sabino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Unit for Parasitic and Fungal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health , Lisbon ,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon ,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1023-5597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederic","family":"Lamoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne , Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne , Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5751-9311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juergen","family":"Prattes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz , Graz ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adilia","family":"Warris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter , Exeter ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Porcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Centre, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U1153, Universit\u00e9 de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3800-4683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Lanternier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Paris, France"},{"name":"Molecular Mycology Unit, National Reference Centre for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, UMR 2000, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Paris , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the ESCAI Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Danion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Bonhomme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Couchepin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria R","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Maury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro Ayres","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Ceia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Lino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Ver\u00edssimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12884","article-title":"Fungal infections of the central nervous system and paranasal sinuses in onco-haematologic patients. Epidemiological study reporting the diagnostic-therapeutic approach and outcome in 89 cases","volume":"62","author":"Candoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.11.014","article-title":"Cerebral aspergillosis in the era of new antifungals: the CEREALS national cohort study. Nationwide CEREbral Aspergillosis Lesional Study (CEREALS)","volume":"84","author":"Serris","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"63","author":"Patterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.152900","article-title":"ECIL-6 guidelines for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis and mucormycosis in leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients","volume":"102","author":"Tissot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline","volume":"24","author":"Ullmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01159-9","article-title":"Isavuconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive mould disease caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): a phase 3, randomised-controlled, non-inferiority trial","volume":"387","author":"Maertens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01292","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01292-17","article-title":"Tissue distribution and elimination of isavuconazole following single and repeat oral-dose administration of isavuconazonium sulfate to rats","volume":"61","author":"Schmitt-Hoffmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02474","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02474-18","article-title":"Isavuconazole diffusion in infected human brain","volume":"63","author":"Rouzaud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz103","article-title":"Isavuconazole for the treatment of patients with invasive fungal diseases involving the central nervous system","volume":"58","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e469","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001508","article-title":"Isavuconazole treatment of cerebral and pulmonary aspergillosis in a pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: case report and review of literature","volume":"42","author":"De Leonardis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008","article-title":"Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium","volume":"71","author":"Donnelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1086\/590566","article-title":"Defining responses to therapy and study outcomes in clinical trials of invasive fungal diseases: Mycoses Study Group and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Consensus Criteria","volume":"47","author":"Segal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz050","article-title":"Isavuconazole brain penetration in cerebral aspergillosis","volume":"74","author":"Lamoth","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1903","article-title":"Stratification and weighting via the propensity score in estimation of causal treatment effects: a comparative study","volume":"23","author":"Lunceford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4922","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8741","article-title":"Formulating causal questions and principled statistical answers","volume":"39","author":"Goetghebeur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2003.10.004","article-title":"Adjusted survival curves with inverse probability weights","volume":"75","author":"Cole","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1198\/000313004X5824","article-title":"Model selection, confounder control, and marginal structural models: review and new applications","volume":"58","author":"Joffe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100410","article-title":"Multiple imputation in health-care databases: an overview and some applications","volume":"10","author":"Rubin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3618","article-title":"Imputing missing covariate values for the Cox model","volume":"28","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0733","article-title":"Improved outcome in central nervous system aspergillosis, using voriconazole treatment","volume":"106","author":"Schwartz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.01.033","article-title":"Impact of surgical and medical treatment on survival of patients with cerebral aspergillosis: systematic review of the literature","volume":"149","author":"Pajer","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"2024101519065887400_ciae371-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.11.003","article-title":"Aspergillus meningitis: a rare clinical manifestation of central nervous system aspergillosis. Case report and review of 92 cases","volume":"66","author":"Antinori","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect"}],"container-title":["Clinical Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae371\/58793012\/ciae371.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/79\/4\/936\/59765022\/ciae371.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article-pdf\/79\/4\/936\/59765022\/ciae371.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T19:08:49Z","timestamp":1729019329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/79\/4\/936\/7723743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae371","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-4838","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]}}}