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        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We compared PWH enrolled in the MACS\/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (2007\u20132020) who switched\/added an INSTI to their antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen to those remaining on non-INSTI ART and to people without human immunodeficiency virus (PWOH), by sex. Follow-up time was time since switch visit (or comparable visit in controls). Linear regression mixed-effects models assessed the effects of sex, group, and time upon weight and anthropometric measurements.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 3464 participants included, women (411 INSTI, 709 non-INSTI, 818 PWOH) compared to men (223 INSTI, 412 non-INSTI, 891 PWOH) were younger (47.2 vs 54.5 years), were majority non-Hispanic Black (65% vs 23%), and had higher mean body mass index (31.5 vs 26.9 kg\/m2), respectively. Women switching to INSTIs experienced greater absolute and percentage weight gain compared to men at 5 years: +3.0\u2005kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1\u20133.9) versus +1.8\u2005kg (95% CI, .7\u20132.9) and +4.6% (95% CI, 3.5%\u20135.7%) versus +2.3% (95% CI, 1.0%\u20133.6%), respectively ([sex \u00d7 time \u00d7 group interaction, P &amp;lt; .01). Compared to men, women switching to INSTIs experienced greater hip and thigh circumference gain at 5 years: +2.6\u2005cm (95% CI, 1.6\u20133.6) versus +1.2\u2005cm (95% CI, .3\u20132.1) and +1.5\u2005cm (95% CI, .7\u20132.2) versus \u22120.2\u2005cm (95% CI, \u2212.9 to .5), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Weight change among PWH over 5 years after switch to INSTI was 2-fold higher in women than men. The cardiometabolic implications of this difference in weight gain remain unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T12:17:04Z","timestamp":1727353024000},"page":"575-584","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Short and Long-term Body Weight Change Following the Switch to or the Addition of Integrase Inhibitors in Persons With HIV Differs by Sex"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5605-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecile D","family":"Lahiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C Christina","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsungirirai","family":"Maramba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joffi","family":"Musonge-Effoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-An","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laney Graduate School, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie B","family":"Dumond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L","family":"Alcaide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0640-5514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan E","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth , Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2749-6328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah H","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey L","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stroger Hospital of Cook County Health , Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cocohoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seble G","family":"Kassaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2277-6841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank J","family":"Palella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mellors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Konkle-Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Topper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Augenbraun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University , Brooklyn, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed K","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Global 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2735-1903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igho","family":"Ofotokun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031715503352300_ciae474-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofu040","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu040","article-title":"Obesity trends and body mass index changes after starting antiretroviral treatment: the Swiss HIV Cohort 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go?","volume":"17","author":"Tate","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"2025031715503352300_ciae474-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad545","article-title":"Weight gain after antiretroviral therapy initiation and subsequent risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease","volume":"78","author":"Bares","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025031715503352300_ciae474-B6","author":"Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents"},{"key":"2025031715503352300_ciae474-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25484","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25484","article-title":"Weight gain among treatment-naive persons with HIV starting integrase inhibitors compared to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors in a large observational cohort in the United States and Canada","volume":"23","author":"Bourgi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int AIDS 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