{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:17:02Z","timestamp":1787008622548,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AI168496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AI168496"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guidelines state that all hospitalized children with suspected or confirmed influenza receive prompt treatment with influenza-specific antivirals. We sought to determine the frequency of, and factors associated with, antiviral receipt among hospitalized children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted active surveillance of children presenting with fever or respiratory symptoms from 1 December 2016 to 31 March 2020 at 7 pediatric medical centers in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. The cohort consisted of children hospitalized with influenza A or B confirmed by clinical or research testing. The primary outcome was frequency of antiviral receipt during hospitalization. We used logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with antiviral receipt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1213 children with laboratory-confirmed influenza were included. Overall, 652 children (53.8%) received an antiviral. Roughly 63.0% of children received clinical influenza testing. Among those with clinical testing, 67.4% received an antiviral. Factors associated with higher odds of antiviral receipt included hematologic (aOR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.03\u20133.02) or oncologic\/immunocompromising (aOR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.13\u20135.11) disorders, prehospitalization antiviral receipt (aOR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.49\u20133.67), clinical influenza testing (aOR = 3.07; 95% CI = 2.28\u20134.14), and intensive care unit admission (aOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.02\u20132.29). Symptom duration &amp;gt;2 days was associated with lower odds of antiviral treatment (aOR = 0.40; 95% CI = .30\u2013.52). Antiviral receipt varied by site with a 5-fold difference across sites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Almost half of children hospitalized with influenza did not receive antivirals. Additional efforts to understand barriers to guideline adherence are crucial for optimizing care in children hospitalized with influenza.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T15:22:38Z","timestamp":1732116158000},"page":"623-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antiviral Use Among Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Illness: A Prospective, Multicenter Surveillance Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6188-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W","family":"Antoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4484-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin Z","family":"Amarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Epidemiology Doctoral Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3703-5536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olla","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5530-5045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tess","family":"Stopczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura S","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2556-0544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian G","family":"Michaels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8377-5175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John V","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, Wisconsin ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen J","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1134-4178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet A","family":"Englund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children's Research Institute , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3900-379X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffrey A","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G","family":"Szilagyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry , Rochester, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los 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A","family":"Boom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0833-5695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila C","family":"Sahni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0457-7689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flor M","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Allen","family":"Staat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5280-4439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth P","family":"Schlaudecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4178-2702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin 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