{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:45:26Z","timestamp":1791402326566,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2500300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2500300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["74291157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["74291157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study (China Assessment of Antifungal Therapy in Hematological Diseases [CAESAR 2.0]) aimed to provide updated epidemiological data on invasive fungal disease (IFD) in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This multicenter, real-world, observational study was conducted at 12 allo-HSCT centers in China between January and December 2021. Consecutive adult patients (aged \u226518 years) who underwent allo-HSCT with antifungal prophylaxis were included. IFD was diagnosed according to the 2019 criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group (EORTC\/MSG). Follow-up was completed by 31 December 2022.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 2015 patients were included. Mold-active antifungal prophylaxis was used in 76.08%, most of whom received voriconazole (44.37%) or posaconazole (31.71%). The cumulative incidence of IFD (proven or probable) 1 year after allo-HSCT was 6.3%. Pathogens were identified in 47.97% of IFD cases and mainly included Candida spp. (17.89%), Mucorales (13.01%), Aspergillus spp. (8.94%), and Pneumocystis jirovecii (6.5%). Multivariate analysis identified the following factors associated with IFD: disease at advanced stage (hazard ratio, 2.55 [95% confidence interval, 1.58\u20134.12]; P &amp;lt; .001), absolute neutrophil count engraftment (\u226428 days) (0.37 [15\u2013.92]; P = .03), platelet engraftment (\u226428 days) (0.41 [.27\u2013.62]; P &amp;lt; .001), and acute graft-vs-host disease grade III\u2013IV (2.97 [1.97\u20134.49]; P &amp;lt; .001). The IFD-attributable mortality rate was 48.28%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the widespread use of mold-active prophylaxis, the risk of IFD after allo-HSCT remains high. The most common pathogens are Candida spp., Mucorales, Aspergillus spp., and P. jirovecii.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T06:10:37Z","timestamp":1733897437000},"page":"807-816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Invasive Fungal Disease in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in China: A Multicenter Epidemiological Study (CAESAR 2.0)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Chuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Beijing 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Technology of China , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai-Nong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Jie","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University , Nanning ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye-Hui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2719-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Xia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Long","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Institute of Hematology , Urumqi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Sheng","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Provincial Hospital , Jinan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 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