{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:19:21Z","timestamp":1792441161740,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIA2018D-2499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2018D-2499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012264","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI152075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI152075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-023825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-023825"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"South African National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SANRF86535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SANRF86535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2013sputum-based, point-of-care triage tests for pulmonary tuberculosis could enhance tuberculosis diagnostic programs. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of 2 finger-stick blood tests: the Cepheid 3 gene host-response cartridge (Xpert-HR), which measures 3 host messenger RNA transcripts, and the 3-host protein multibiomarker test (MBT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a prospective diagnostic accuracy study of consecutive participants with symptoms compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis in The Gambia, South Africa, Uganda, and Vietnam. A composite reference standard for active pulmonary tuberculosis incorporated chest radiography, symptom resolution, and sputum microbiological test results. A training-test set approach was used to evaluate test cutoff specificities at 90% sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 1 November 2020 and 1 May 2023, we screened 1262 participants aged 12\u201370 years with cough lasting &amp;gt;2 weeks and another symptom suggestive of tuberculosis. Of those who were classifiable by reference tests, 1154 participants had evaluable Xpert-HR results and 961 had evaluable MBT results. Xpert-HR had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.92 at a cutoff of \u22121.275 or below, with a sensitivity of 92.8%, specificity of 62.5%, positive predictive value of 47.9%, and negative predictive value of 95.9%. The MBT had an AUROC of 0.91 at a cutoff of \u22650.42, with a sensitivity of 91.4%, specificity of 73.2%, positive predictive value of 52.0%, and negative predictive value of 96.4%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results show that both Xpert-HR and the MBT are promising non\u2013sputum-based point-of-care tests. The MBT met the World Health Organization target product profile for a triage test, which suggests it should be further developed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T07:54:47Z","timestamp":1741334087000},"page":"857-866","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Performance of 2 Finger-Stick Blood Tests to Triage Adults With Symptoms of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Prospective Multisite Diagnostic Accuracy Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7083-4997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayne S","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , Banjul ,","place":["The Gambia"]},{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School 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