{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:19:01Z","timestamp":1785403141117,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MRC-RFA-SHIP 02-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRC-RFA-SHIP 02-2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20220859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007687","name":"Swedish Society of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SLS-985976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLS-985976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI170426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI170426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bedaquiline-based oral short-course regimens (SCR) for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) are highly effective in clinical trials but outcomes in programmatic settings may be more modest. We evaluated clinical and bacteriological outcomes with a seven-drug, linezolid-containing SCR in a high-burden programmatic setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cohort study enrolled adults with newly diagnosed RR-TB who were started on the oral SCR in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The primary outcome was World Health Organization-defined end-of-treatment success. Secondary outcomes were TB-free survival (composite of alive, absence of a positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture, and treatment completed or in care) at 18 months and time to sputum culture conversion (SCC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 248 participants were included, 173 (69.8%) of whom were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Culture conversion by 90 days was 96.8% (median time to SCC: 29 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27\u201331). Treatment success was 37.5% (93\/248). Reasons for unsuccessful treatment included switching to individualised regimens (35.1%, 87\/248), loss to follow-up (19.4%, 48\/348), and death (8.1%, 20\/248). At 18 months, 157 (63.3%) participants achieved TB-free survival, with a cumulative mortality of 21.6% (95% CI: 16.1\u201329.0). Baseline 3+ smear (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.28\u20138.95), higher age (aOR: 1.05, 1.01\u20131.08), and lower albumin (aOR: 0.94, 0.88\u20130.99), but not HIV status, were associated with unfavourable outcome at 18 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The oral SCR performed poorly in a high-burden TB programme. Strategies to support the implementation of effective new regimens for RR-TB are needed to translate outcomes from clinical trials into practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T07:55:01Z","timestamp":1745394901000},"page":"e153-e162","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Treatment Outcomes With an Oral Short Course Regimen for Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence, Programmatic Setting in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1704-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob A M","family":"Stadler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Discovery Research Platforms in Infection, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3398-2421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Kuhlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Discovery Research Platforms in Infection, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8847-2325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edle F","family":"Molloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection and Immunity, City St George's, University of London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nomfuneko","family":"Mtwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health , Eastern Cape Province ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory Service , Port Elizabeth ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Stead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Discovery Research Platforms in Infection, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3080-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Maartens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Discovery Research Platforms in Infection, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5741-7358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research\/South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Meintjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Discovery Research Platforms in Infection, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3508-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"Wasserman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Discovery Research Platforms in Infection, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Institute for Infection and Immunity, City St George's, University of London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071623564623500_ciaf112-B1","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026071623564623500_ciaf112-B2","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026071623564623500_ciaf112-B3","author":"National Department of Health: Republic of South Africa"},{"key":"2026071623564623500_ciaf112-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811867","article-title":"A trial of a shorter regimen for rifampin-resistant 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